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Direct linkNguyen, Van Huy; Hamid, M. Obaidul – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2021
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) has long been considered a global policy in language education. It has been borrowed and adopted by different polities across the world. However, it is still not clear why the CEFR, intended for European usage, has become a ubiquitous tool for overhauling the quality of teaching and…
Descriptors: Language Planning, Rating Scales, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Bamgbose, Ayo – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2014
Although development goals are usually set as targets that must be achieved in a development process, experience with development goals in Africa has tended to underscore underperformance either in terms of a shortfall in the targets attained or in terms of inadequate pursuit of specific goals. To illustrate this syndrome, the African Union's New…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Case Studies, Socioeconomic Influences, Objectives
