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The Representational Instability in the Generalization of Fear Learning
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Kenny Yu; Wolf Vanpaemel; Francis Tuerlinckx; Jonas Zaman – npj Science of Learning, 2024
Perception and perceptual memory play crucial roles in fear generalization, yet their dynamic interaction remains understudied. This research (N = 80) explored their relationship through a classical differential conditioning experiment. Results revealed that while fear context perception fluctuates over time with a drift effect, perceptual memory…
Descriptors: Generalizability Theory, Generalization, Fear, Learning Processes
Complementary Roles for Amygdala and Periaqueductal Gray in Temporal-Difference Fear Learning
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Cole, Sindy; McNally, Gavan P. – Learning & Memory, 2009
Pavlovian fear conditioning is not a unitary process. At the neurobiological level multiple brain regions and neurotransmitters contribute to fear learning. At the behavioral level many variables contribute to fear learning including the physical salience of the events being learned about, the direction and magnitude of predictive error, and the…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Parent Child Relationship, Fear, Learning Processes
Dopamine D1 and D2 Receptors in the Nucleus Accumbens Core and Shell Mediate Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer
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Lex, Anja; Hauber, Wolfgang – Learning & Memory, 2008
Pavlovian stimuli previously paired with food can markedly elevate the rate of food-reinforced instrumental responding. This effect, termed Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT), depends both on general activating and specific cueing properties of Pavlovian stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that the general activating properties of Pavlovian…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Classical Conditioning, Reinforcement, Food
Prenatal Choline Availability Alters the Context Sensitivity of Pavlovian Conditioning in Adult Rats
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Lamoureux, Jeffrey A.; Meck, Warren H.; Williams, Christina L. – Learning & Memory, 2008
The effects of prenatal choline availability on Pavlovian conditioning were assessed in adult male rats (3-4 mo). Neither supplementation nor deprivation of prenatal choline affected the acquisition and extinction of simple Pavlovian conditioned excitation, or the acquisition and retardation of conditioned inhibition. However, prenatal choline…
Descriptors: Classical Conditioning, Prenatal Influences, Learning Processes, Nutrition
Neural Events in the Reinforcement Contingency
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Silva, Maria Teresa Araujo; Goncalves, Fabio Leyser; Garcia-Mijares, Miriam – Behavior Analyst, 2007
When neural events are analyzed as stimuli and responses, functional relations among them and among overt stimuli and responses can be unveiled. The integration of neuroscience and the experimental analysis of behavior is beginning to provide empirical evidence of involvement of neural events in the three-term contingency relating discriminative…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Stimulation, Neurology, Responses
Elemental Representations of Stimuli in Associative Learning
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Harris, Justin A. – Psychological Review, 2006
This article reviews evidence and theories concerning the nature of stimulus representations in Pavlovian conditioning. It focuses on the elemental approach developed in stimulus sampling theory (R. C. Atkinson & W. K. Estes, 1963; R. R. Bush & F. Mosteller, 1951b) and extended by I. P. L. McLaren and N. J. Mackintosh (2000, 2002) and contrasts…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Associative Learning, Theories, Classical Conditioning