Remotely proctored online examinations proliferate in academic and corporate learning environments (Grajek, 2020). Remote (virtual) proctoring allows organizations to efficiently offer tests globally while reducing the costs of proctored testing generally associated with traditional paper-and-pencil and computer-based testing center examinations.…

This study investigates students' perceptions of rehearsal (test preparation) and testing after the pandemic forced increased online teaching use and experimentation. Data was gathered from information and decision sciences (IDS) students in an underrepresented minority (URM) serving university. Responses from 136 participants were analyzed and…

Online learning has steadily increased since well before the COVID-19 pandemic (Seaman et al., 2018), but research has yet to explore online students' perceptions of online exam proctoring methods. The purpose of this exploratory study was to understand the perceptions of fully online students regarding types of proctoring at a large state…

This study analyses changes in students' perceptions of online examinations during the transition from a face-to-face to a fully online assessment system. We compare data from a survey administered to two samples of students at a distance learning university at the end of two consecutive academic years in which a new online examination system was…

Purpose: To improve the academic integrity of online examinations, digital proctoring systems have recently been implemented in higher education institutions (HEIs). The paper aims to understand how digital proctoring has been practised in higher education (HE) and proposes future research directions for studying digital proctoring in HE.…

Cheating in online exams without face-to-face proctoring has been a general concern for academic instructors during the crisis caused by COVID-19. The main goal of this work is to evaluate the cost of these dishonest practices by comparing the academic performance of webcam-proctored students and their unproctored peers in an online gradable test.…

This study targets to investigate the opinions and perceptions of the online and distance learners regarding to online proctored exams. A qualitative case study was employed to explore views of the participants related to the online proctored exam practice. The data were collected from 69 undergraduate distance learners via an online form. A…

As universities moved to remotely taught courses during the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of maintaining academic integrity in online environments intensified. In response, this study explores instructors' perceptions about the role of online proctoring as a tool for their courses with the intent of enhancing the understanding of online…

Background: Online and blended learning need an appropriate assessment strategy which ensures academic integrity. During the pandemic, many universities have chosen for online proctoring. Although some earlier examples suggest that online proctoring may reduce cheating, the potential side-effects of proctoring are largely unknown. Objectives:…

Virtual proctoring technology is credited with increasing the accessibility of exams by enabling students to participate in exams at any time and place. In this field experiment, students were randomly assigned to virtual proctoring or traditional on-campus examination to evaluate the effect, nature and timing of implementation barriers for online…

Remote or online proctoring (invigilating) is a technology primarily used to improve the integrity of online examinations. The use of remote proctoring increased significantly as the world switched to online assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Remote proctoring received negative media attention, including concerns about user privacy,…

With the increased restrictions on physical distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, remote proctoring has emerged as an alternative to traditional onsite proctoring to ensure the continuity of essential assessments, such as computer-based medical licensing exams. Recent literature has highlighted the significant impact of different proctoring…

The rapid growth of online education, especially since the pandemic, is presenting educators with numerous challenges. Chief among these is concern about academic dishonesty, especially on unproctored online exams. Students cheating on exams is not a new phenomenon. The topic has been discussed and debated within institutions of higher learning,…

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare three distinct methods of test monitoring in the context of distance education--non-proctored remote or online tests, traditional face-to-face proctored tests and remotely proctored tests using software--to analyze if the method in which tests are monitored influences the obtained grades.…

Academic misconduct is a growing problem in online education. While there are ways to curb academic misconduct in online exams, utilization of technology to proctor online exams in a simple manner in limited-resource settings remain unclear. This study set out to identify a reliable technique for utilizing webcam footage to identify instances of…