The rapidly evolving digital landscape, punctuated by the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and immersive technologies, is poised to reshape learning environments dramatically. This study explores the potential use of ChatGPT, a state-of-the-art language model developed by OpenAI, in Metaverse learning environments. It sheds light on…

The concept of the Metaverse, viewed as the ultimate manifestation of the Internet, has gained significant attention due to rapid advances in technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain. Acting as a bridge between the physical and virtual worlds, the Metaverse has the potential to offer remarkable experiences to its users.…

Background: Artificial intelligence, particularly natural language processing (NLP), enables automating the formative assessment of written task solutions to provide adaptive feedback automatically. A laboratory study found that, compared with static feedback (an expert solution), adaptive feedback automated through artificial neural networks…

Dyslexia is a learning disability that significantly hinders students' abilities to read and comprehend educational materials, posing a substantial challenge within educational environments. This paper introduces an innovative educational system, ReadSmart, that integrates both Augmented Reality (AR) and Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI)…

Teamwork skills are commonly evaluated by human assessors, which can be logistically challenging and resource intensive. Technological advancements provide an opportunity for a new assessment method -- virtual behavioural simulations with self-scoring algorithms. This study explores whether a rule-based algorithm can match human assessors at…

Artificial Intelligence is a fast-evolving technology with enormous potential for education, higher education, and learning. AI can also negatively impact how societies and their citizens engage ethically with these generated, still-unexplored tools. These technological breakthroughs present both opportunity and potential peril. The problem of any…

In this entry, we define Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) and present a description of their core components. We outline a history of the development of ITSs with a focus on key issues that have driven change and innovation in ITSs from their inception to present day. We also present a brief case study on a specific ITS, Inq-ITS (Inquiry…

This paper presents a novel implementation of a three-dimensional Virtual Librarian Chatbot using IBM Watson artificial intelligence technology and virtual reality. In this method, participants interact with virtual librarian chatbots by asking specific questions about the library system. This research investigated the factors used in the…

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Open Distance eLearning (ODeL) represents a significant evolution in STEM education, offering transformative benefits in teaching, learning and administrative processes. This conceptual paper explores how AI-driven platforms are revolutionising ODeL by providing personalised learning…

Purpose: With the growth of digital education, students increasingly interact in a variety of ways. The potential effects of these interactions on their learning process are not fully understood and the outcomes may depend on the tool used. This study explores the communication patterns and learning effectiveness developed by students using two…

An overarching motivation driving my research has been to further our theoretical understanding of how readers successfully comprehend challenging text. This article describes the theoretical origins of this research program and my quest to understand comprehension processes through the use of technology. Coh-Metrix was developed to measure, and…

An overarching motivation driving my research has been to further our theoretical understanding of how readers successfully comprehend challenging text. This article describes the theoretical origins of this research program and my quest to understand comprehension processes through the use of technology. Coh-Metrix was developed to measure, and…

In the age of rapid technological advancements, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and large language models (LLMs) in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education has emerged as a transformative force, reshaping pedagogical approaches and assessment methodologies. "Uses of AI in STEM…

Tracking students' learning states to provide tailored learner support is a critical element of an adaptive learning system. This study explores how an automatic assessment is capable of tracking learners' cognitive and emotional states during virtual reality (VR)-based representational-flexibility training. This VR-based training program aims to…

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) issues are urgent in education. We developed and evaluated a massive open online course (N = 963) with embedded equity simulations that attempted to equip educators with equity teaching practices. Applying a structural topic model (STM)--a type of natural language processing (NLP)--we examined how…