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Kurt Winsler – ProQuest LLC, 2024
The visual system is tuned by its inputs. The behavior of reading offers a unique way to examine tuning for visual representations (letters) because readers have massive experience recognizing letters in a systematic context (reading). One aspect of reading is that letters are highly crowded within words, which severely limits their…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Reading Processes, Word Recognition, Comparative Analysis
Sara C. Collins; Andrea Barton-Hulsey; Christy Timm-Fulkerson; Michelle C. S. Therrien – Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 2024
Understanding the early literacy abilities of children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is essential for designing and testing methods of reading intervention focused on printed orthography. School-based professionals need assessments that measure word reading skills of students with heterogenous speech and physical…
Descriptors: Emergent Literacy, Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Reading Instruction, Reading Skills
Ifeoluwa A. Popoola; Janna Brown McClain; Emily A. Farris; Timothy N. Odegard – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2025
Shifting demographics in K-12 schools have increased Spanish-speaking Multi-Language Learners' (MLLs') enrollment across the United States. While literacy variations between MLLs and proficient English speakers have been studied predominantly with upper elementary students, there remains a need for more exploration among early elementary…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Bilingual Students, Spanish, English
Sascha Couvee; Loes Wauters; Harry Knoors; Ludo Verhoeven; Eliane Segers – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2024
Background: Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children may experience difficulties in word decoding development. Aims: We aimed to compare and predict the incremental word decoding development in first grade in Dutch DHH and hearing children, as a function of kindergarten reading precursors. Methods and procedures: In this study, 25 DHH, and 41…
Descriptors: Predictor Variables, Decoding (Reading), Word Recognition, Deafness
Bianca Balea; Maria Kovacs; Sorana Pogacean – Journal of Educational Sciences, 2024
Since 2012, when preparatory grade (PG) became compulsory in Romania for 6-year olds, little understanding has been gained of how children's literacy evolves in PG, although over the same period, Romanian 15-year olds' reading performance has shown no signs of improvement (Noveanu et al., 2023). Children enter school with broadly varying literacy…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Reading Skills, Preschool Education, Attendance
Shyntia Shirley Chand; Satish Prakash Chand – Educational Review, 2025
Teachers in Fiji's lower primary classrooms face the task of raising students' literacy levels. Consequently, many schools are attempting to involve parents in improving students' literacy skills. This study investigated the effects of parental engagement on students' literacy acquisition in lower primary classrooms in Fiji. Online questionnaires…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Emergent Literacy, Phonics, Barriers
Nakeva von Mentzer, C.; Kalnak, N.; Jennische, M. – Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 2021
Children with Down syndrome (DS) using intensive computer-based phonics (GraphoGame, GG) were studied. The children's independence and improvement in phonological processing, letter knowledge, word decoding, and reading strategies were investigated. Seventeen children (5-16 years) with DS participated in a crossover design through 8 weeks (one…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Instruction, Phonics, Down Syndrome, Alphabets
Jin Wang; Marc F. Joanisse; James R. Booth – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2023
Purpose: It is often assumed that phonological awareness only reflects children's phonological skill. However, orthographic representations have been found to be automatically involved during phonological awareness tasks, which we refer to as automatic orthographic activation. Although previous longitudinal neural studies have addressed how…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Beginning Reading, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Auditory Perception
Sascha Couvee; Loes Wauters; Harry Knoors; Ludo Verhoeven; Eliane Segers – Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 2025
We investigated relations between kindergarten precursors and second-grade reading skills in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children, and aimed to identify subgroups based on reading skills, in order to explore early signs of later reading delays. DHH children (n = 23, M[subscript age] kindergarten = 6.25) participated from kindergarten-second…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, Grade 2, Reading Skills, Deafness
Long, Stephanie; Volpe, Robert J.; Briesch, Amy M. – Psychology in the Schools, 2023
The importance of letter sound knowledge (LSK) as a precursor to later literacy skills has been well-documented. Since English language learners (ELLs), or students who first acquired a language other than English, continue to underperform in reading compared to their English-speaking peers, they are particularly at-risk for reading and academic…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Instruction, Tutoring, Tutorial Programs, Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence
Ehm, Jan-Henning; Schmitterer, Alexandra M. A.; Nagler, Telse; Lervåg, Arne – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2023
Purpose: The transition to school and the first years of elementary school education are very sensitive phases for reading development. Reading researchers have established key precursors and developmental steps in these phases. However, how these components interact and affect growth is not well understood yet. The current study from Germany…
Descriptors: Decoding (Reading), Reading Comprehension, Reading Improvement, Reading Skills
Vadasy, Patricia F.; Sanders, Elizabeth A. – Grantee Submission, 2021
A brief experiment was designed to examine cognitive flexibility practice embedded in beginning phonics instruction for kindergarteners with limited early literacy learning. Previously tested phonics content included single- and high-frequency two-letter grapheme-phoneme correspondences (GPCs), introduced at a rate of 2-4 correspondences per week.…
Descriptors: Beginning Reading, Reading Instruction, Phonics, Kindergarten
Solari, Emily J.; Henry, Alyssa R.; Grimm, Ryan P.; Zajic, Matthew C.; McGinty, Anita – Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 2022
Difficulties with reading development have been well documented in samples of children with autism spectrum disorders. This study utilized a state-level early literacy dataset of kindergarten students educationally diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (N = 616) to investigate the development of critical early reading skills across the…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Literacy Education
Edwards, Ashley A.; Steacy, Laura M.; Siegelman, Noam; Rigobon, Valeria M.; Kearns, Devin M.; Rueckl, Jay G.; Compton, Donald L. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2022
Set for variability (SfV) is an oral language task that requires an individual to disambiguate the mismatch between the decoded form of an irregular word and its actual lexical pronunciation. For example, in the task, the word wasp is pronounced to rhyme with clasp (i.e. /waesp/), and the individual must recognize the actual pronunciation of the…
Descriptors: Word Recognition, Decoding (Reading), Pronunciation, Phonemic Awareness
Brenda Aromu Wawire; Adrienne Elissa Barnes-Story; Xinya Liang; Benjamin Piper – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2024
Many children living in linguistically diverse low- and middle-income countries learn to read and write in multiple languages. Recent research provides implications for effective reading instruction with multilingual learners (e.g., Hall et al. in New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 166:145-189, 2019). However, there is limited empirical evidence on…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Multilingualism, Reading Instruction, At Risk Students