Special education administrators have an influence over adapted physical education (APE) services, however little research to date has assessed special education administrators' knowledge of APE services. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine special education administrators' knowledge of APE services. Fifty-one special education…

Background: While barriers to participation in physical activity are well documented, there is no consolidated evidence on strategies promoting participation of people with intellectual disability in physical activities. Methods: We conducted a scoping review to examine initiatives used to facilitate the inclusion of people with intellectual…

Inclusion is positioned at the forefront of global educational reform. The study reported focused on a national Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programme for Inclusive Physical Education (IPE) in England. The research was designed to critically explore how CPD providers (i.e. tutors) variously conceptualised and practiced inclusion in…

Identifying tools to reinforce content on teaching children with visual impairments (VI) is needed to better inform future physical educators as children with VI often have poor physical education (PE) experiences. Content acquisition podcasts (CAPs), podcasts created with instructional design principles and expert-developed content, may provide…

Implementation of the IDEA law is designed for schools to educate all students in the least restrictive environment. However, without the awareness and understanding of all educators involved, key components of the federal law could be sidestepped. Collaboration between general physical education (GPE) and adapted physical education (APE) teachers…

Special education administrators need an understanding of adapted physical education (APE) educational service delivery in order to properly supervise APE service delivery to students with disabilities. However, some preliminary research has suggested that special education administrators have a general lack of knowledge related to APE. Content…

The purpose of this study was to describe how Japanese adapted physical education (APE) graduate students engage themselves in learning research skills through masters' research thesis projects. In this study, andragogy theory was utilized, which allowed the researchers to understand Japanese graduate students' learning experiences of master's…

The purpose of this study was to connect with adapted physical education (APE) teachers in PK-12 programs to explore service delivery practices and the impact COVID-19 had on those practices and gather teacher suggestions for APE teacher preparation programs. Seventeen teachers with comprehensive APE experiences were interviewed. Questions…

Research has identified pedagogical skills as the main skills that student-teachers need for self-efficacy and on-going development in teaching. Pedagogical skills help teachers to reflect on their ability to attain the desired professional standards for teaching. Any failure of teacher preparation programme to equip student-teachers with…

Public school administrators in the United States are required to supervise special education services, which include physical education and adapted physical education (APE). Although school administrators supervise and provide resources to support APE services, APE teachers have indicated that school administrators often interfere with their…

The purpose of the study was to analyse South Korean (SK) immigrant parents' positioning (i.e. roles, responsibilities, and obligations) as experienced with regard to physical education for their children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the United States (U.S.). The theoretical framework was positioning theory. The participants were five SK…

The disability of autism and the use of assistive technology is a new and emerging issue for current and future adapted physical educators. One of the fastest-growing populations in schools and society today consists of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To adequately determine if adapted physical education teachers are knowledgeable…

Physical Educators face significant challenges in including students with disabilities. To address this issue, appropriate professional development must be provided. Traditional professional development is limited by barriers such as cost, time, location and availability. The purpose of this randomised experimental design study was to determine…

"Steps to Inclusion" is a teacher-training resource specifically designed to facilitate inclusive physical education. Teacher-training resources, such as "Steps to Inclusion," can only be effective when systematic and effective adoption is achieved. The diffusion of innovations theory (DOI) provides a useful framework to…

The purpose of this literature review was to analyse studies of the experiences of students without disabilities (SWOD) in inclusive physical education (PE) classes. The literature published from 1975 to 2015 was compiled from three online databases (PsycInfo, Physical Education Index and ERIC). Included literature met inclusion criteria focussed…