Previous literature suggests learners can adjust their encoding strategies to match the demands of the expected test format. However, it is unclear whether other forms of metacognitive control, namely, study time allocation and restudy selection, are also sensitive to expected test format. Across four experiments we examined whether learners…

Students' academic performance improves when they use active study methods and discussion of study strategy efficacy can impact students' choice. Faculty often employ mid-semester wrappers to encourage student reflection on their study habits, so we explored whether exposure to research about learning embedded within post-exam wrappers was…

Our school career culminates in a set of exam results, but if students want to do well, attending lessons is not enough: the implicit expectation is that all students will reinforce learning independently outside of the classroom. Really effective learners employ effective independent study techniques, but when, how and where do they learn to do…

Over 100 years of research shows that retrieval practice is highly effective for enhancing student learning. When managing their own study behaviors, however, students tend to avoid using retrieval practice as a way of learning. Understanding and improving students' study decisions is important given the increasingly autonomous nature of…

An inequitable distribution of resources and opportunities for marginalized students (i.e., opportunity gaps) leads to challenges in identifying effective study behaviors, metacognition, and academic help-seeking in higher education. While students benefit when these skills are taught explicitly through co-curricular workshops and courses, these…

Previous studies have reported the importance of regulation in collaborative learning. To understand and support students' learning, researchers have identified that regulation in collaboration emerges as a series of contingent activities at individual and social levels, addressing various learning foci in cognitive, motivational, emotional, and…

Structural equation modeling and autoethnography have rarely been integrated in scientific studies. The example employs a convergent intensive longitudinal data collection strategy and an explanatory bidirectional framework for data merging analysis to examine one instructor's practices of incorporating social-emotional learning (SEL) and…

Students with strong metacognitive skills are positioned to learn and achieve more than peers who are still developing their metacognition. Yet, many students come to college without well-developed metacognitive skills. As part of a longitudinal study on metacognitive development, we asked when, why, and how first-year life science majors use…

Study skills are important for success in college. However, students may not be aware of or willing to use effective strategies such as spaced practice and self-testing. This replication-extension study of Susser and McCabe (Susser and McCabe in Instr Sci 41:345-363, 2013) supports their original findings regarding spaced practice and extends the…

This study investigates the self-regulated learning strategies employed by students in computer programming courses. Utilising the Questionnaire on Learning Strategies in Computer Programming (CEAPC), the research aims to identify specific strategies used by students. The findings reveal a variety of effective learning strategies, including…

Metacognition is often described as the awareness and regulation of learning. It uses strategies which include monitoring one's own thinking, engaging in active planning and self-evaluating one's study habits. Bloom's taxonomy can be used as a metacognitive tool to guide students' study strategies and thus improve their academic performance by…

Metacognition includes the processes that learners use to plan, monitor, and assess their learning and is tied to academic performance and growth-oriented attitudes toward learning. Learning anatomy presents challenges to learners at all levels, and for many, necessitates a change in learning strategies and metacognitive awareness. We sought to…

While behavioral, contextual, and physiological data streams have long been used to investigate self-regulated learning (SRL), a systematic understanding of the current state how different data streams and modalities contribute to measuring regulation processes across diverse learning contexts remains limited. This systematic literature review…

Purpose: Multimedia facilitates knowledge acquisition, which has a significant impact on students' learning and is a big potential of information and communication technology. Learning through multimedia has psychological benefits for the learner in addition to being used for recreational learning. To define the cognitive theory of multimedia in…

The globalization of business, education, and other sectors has illuminated the need for institutions of higher education to prepare students to adapt, interact, and perform in culturally diverse environments (Arnett, 2002; Brislin & Yoshida, 1994; Elmuti et al., 2005; Williams et al., 2017). Utilizing the conceptual framework of Deardorff's…