What is research and who is a researcher? Why engage in research and what is the value of research? Paradigms of Research for the 21st Century explores multiple questions relating to the nature and process of educational research. The book offers an insightful and detailed account of Western and non-Western philosophical traditions and…

Research on computing in higher education research has been dominated by studies on "things that work" (or not). While useful, the field now needs more research on authentic tech-related problems of practice and viable solutions that resolve them. This article describes one such approach: Educational Design Research (EDR). It begins with…

Purpose: The lack of a definite standard for determining the sample size in qualitative research leaves the research process to the initiative of the researcher, and this situation overshadows the scientificity of the research. The primary purpose of this research is to propose a model by questioning the problem of determining the sample size,…

A key aspect of engaging in a large participatory action research (PAR) project is ensuring that novice participant-researchers have a general understanding of the PAR methodology. Lead researchers experienced in action research cannot expect novice participant-researchers to engage fully with the literature on PAR, but rather need a simple way to…

Principal leadership has been widely regarded as a powerful catalyst for school improvement and student learning. This article presents a multivariate meta-analysis of 42 empirical studies, published between 2000 and 2020, that examined the effects of principal leadership on student achievement in the United States. The focus is on the conceptual…

This study aimed to develop a mentoring-based model for enhancing the action research (PAOR) competency of lead research teachers for the deaf in Thailand. The study employed a research and development (R&D) approach, consisting of four phases. Phase 1: Situation Analysis involved assessing the current research competency of 66 teachers at…

Discrete-time survival analysis (DTSA) models are a popular way of modeling events in the social sciences. However, the analysis of discrete-time survival data is challenged by missing data in one or more covariates. Negative consequences of missing covariate data include efficiency losses and possible bias. A popular approach to circumventing…

Drawing from the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) framework, this paper aims to study the influence of academic researchers' ability, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and opportunity on their performance. We conducted an empirical analysis using a sample of 607 academic researchers to examine the relationships between the three AMO…

Rigor evaluation in mixed methods research is a growing need. Linking rigor to Hong and Pluye's (2019) concepts of methodological and reporting quality, the purpose of this article is to operationalize and expand Harrison et al.'s (2020) Rigorous Mixed Methods Framework. Drawing from a systematic methodological review of 66 inclusive education…

Purpose: Critical realism is an increasingly popular "lens" through which complex events, entities and phenomena can be studied. Yet detailed operationalisations of critical realism are at present relatively scarce. This study's objective here is built on existing debates by developing an open systems model of reality, a basis for…

Practice-based research (PBR) has emerged as a valuable alternative to traditional scientific methods by generating knowledge through practice and enhancing the relevance of research to practitioners. However, knowledge about PBR has largely been developed within disciplinary silos, leading to its limited cross-disciplinary understanding. This…

In the complex world of educational policy, causal inferences will be debated. As we review non-experimental designs in educational policy, we focus on how to clarify and focus the terms of debate. We begin by presenting the potential outcomes/counterfactual framework and then describe approximations to the counterfactual generated from the…

This systematic literature review critically evaluates 14 empirical studies published over a 14 years span (2006-2019) to answer questions about the models and the effects of transformational school leadership on student academic achievement. The analysis of the related literature utilized vote counting and narrative synthesis to delineate the…

Randomized response techniques (RRTs) are useful survey tools for estimating the prevalence of sensitive issues, such as the prevalence of doping in elite sports. One type of RRT, the unrelated question model (UQM), has become widely used because of its psychological acceptability for study participants and its favorable statistical properties.…

The Nuremberg Code established ethics for the involvement of humans in research, initially in the area of health and medical research. While aspects of the code have been extended to the social and behavioral sciences, program evaluation does not always implement those policies, procedures, and protocols for protecting research participants,…