In this study, temporal speech cues were integrated into online curriculum to solve non-routine problems in curricular multimedia. Teachers-in-training (n=56) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions. It was expected that participants in the temporal speech cues condition would be more likely to solve problems than those in the…

Teacher gestures support mathematics learning and promote student collaboration. Aligned with speech, gestures can help students to notice the important visual information of geometry tasks. However, students' visual attention to the teacher's gestural cues during collaborative problem solving remains a largely unexplored field in mathematics…

Open mathematical modelling problems that can be solved with multiple methods and have multiple possible results are an important part of school curricula in mathematics and science. Solving open modelling problems in school should prepare students to apply their mathematical knowledge in their current and future lives. One characteristic of these…

Solving problems in educational settings, as in daily-life scenarios, involves constantly assessing one's own confidence in each considered solution. Metacognitive research has exposed cues that may bias confidence judgments (e.g., familiarity with question terms). Typically, metacognitive research methodologies require examining misleading cues…

To become proficient problem solvers, science and engineering students have to acquire the skill of self-regulating their problem-solving processes, a skill supported by their metacognitive abilities. The Disciplinary Learning Companion (DLC) is an online tool designed to scaffold students' use of metacognitive activities through…

Metacognitive strategies play a crucial role in Computer-Based Learning Environments (CBLEs). However, students often struggle to apply these strategies spontaneously during learning. Research demonstrates that metacognitive prompts can effectively guide students' awareness and help them monitor their learning progress, leading to improved…

This study aimed to investigate the effects of feedback types and opportunities to change answers on the learners' achievement and their ability to solve physics problems. We compared three feedback types, namely (1) static feedback with hints, (2) reducing feedback with hints, and (3) knowledge of response, and two types of opportunities to…

This paper describes LOGAX, an interactive tutoring tool that gives hints and feedback to a student who stepwise constructs a Hilbert-style axiomatic proof in propositional logic. LOGAX generates proofs to calculate hints and feedback. We compare these generated proofs with expert proofs and student solutions, and conclude that the quality of the…

Chance favors the prepared mind, said Louis Pasteur. Sometimes, significant breakthroughs occur when we creatively integrate new information, leading to a creative insight or an Aha! moment, while at other times when we fail to use a clue, we remain stuck in our habitual thinking patterns. In this study, we hypothesized that the brain's transient…

Researchers have repeatedly found schematic diagrams, both as part of Modified Schema Based Instruction and outside of this problem-solving approach, effective for teaching students with disabilities, including intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), to solve math word problems. The current study was a systematic replication of Bouck,…

The objective of this study was to measure the contribution of the left frontopolar cortex (FPC) to analogical reasoning. Our measure of analogical reasoning derives from performance on the radiation problem, a creative problem-solving task first used in Gestalt psychology (Duncker, 1945). Success on this task is as low as 10 % without the…

The hundreds chart is a valuable tool for teachers in elementary mathematics classrooms. The present study investigated the effects of spatial configurations of virtual hundreds charts on children's knowledge of base-ten concepts. Kindergarten and first-grade students were assigned to three instructional conditions in which they worked with a…

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) aim to deliver personalized learning support to each learner, aligning with the educational aspiration of many countries, including China. ITSs' personalized support is mainly achieved by providing individual prompts to learners when they encounter difficulties in problem-solving. The guiding principles and…

Background: In example-based learning, examples are often combined with generative activities, such as comparative self-explanations of example cases. Comparisons induce heavy demands on working memory, especially in complex domains. Hence, only stronger learners may benefit from comparative self-explanations. While static text-based examples can…

It is well established in educational research that metacognitive monitoring of performance assessed by self-reports, for instance, asking students to report their confidence in provided answers, is based on heuristic cues rather than on actual success in the task. Subjective self-reports are also used in educational research on cognitive load,…