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Arun-Balajiee Lekshmi-Narayanan; Priti Oli; Jeevan Chapagain; Mohammad Hassany; Rabin Banjade; Vasile Rus – Grantee Submission, 2024
Worked examples, which present an explained code for solving typical programming problems are among the most popular types of learning content in programming classes. Most approaches and tools for presenting these examples to students are based on line-by-line explanations of the example code. However, instructors rarely have time to provide…
Descriptors: Coding, Computer Science Education, Computational Linguistics, Artificial Intelligence
Botarleanu, Robert-Mihai; Dascalu, Mihai; Watanabe, Micah; McNamara, Danielle S.; Crossley, Scott Andrew – Grantee Submission, 2021
The ability to objectively quantify the complexity of a text can be a useful indicator of how likely learners of a given level will comprehend it. Before creating more complex models of assessing text difficulty, the basic building block of a text consists of words and, inherently, its overall difficulty is greatly influenced by the complexity of…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Language Acquisition, Age, Models
Xiaopeng Zhang; Xiaofei Lu – Language Learning, 2024
This study examined the relationship of linguistic complexity, captured using a set of lexical richness, syntactic complexity, and discoursal complexity indices, to second language (L2) learners' perception of text difficulty, captured using L2 raters' comparative judgment on text comprehensibility and reading speed. Testing materials were 180…
Descriptors: Syntax, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Decision Making
Crossley, Scott A.; Skalicky, Stephen; Dascalu, Mihai – Journal of Research in Reading, 2019
Background: Advances in natural language processing (NLP) and computational linguistics have facilitated major improvements on traditional readability formulas that aim at predicting the overall difficulty of a text. Recent studies have identified several types of linguistic features that are theoretically motivated and predictive of human…
Descriptors: Natural Language Processing, Readability, Reading Comprehension, Reading Rate
Taegang Lee; Yoonhyoung Lee; Sungmook Choi – Language Learning & Technology, 2025
Empirical evidence remains sparse about how videos enhanced with first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) subtitles influence cognitive load in L2 learners. To address this point, 25 Korean undergraduate students were exposed to six short videos: baseline, L1-subtitled, and L2-subtitled videos at both high and low difficulty levels (determined…
Descriptors: Captions, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Language Processing
Nahatame, Shingo – Language Learning, 2021
Although text readability has traditionally been measured based on simple linguistic features, recent studies have employed natural language processing techniques to develop new readability formulas that better represent theoretical accounts of reading processes. This study evaluated the construct validity of different readability formulas,…
Descriptors: Readability, Natural Language Processing, Readability Formulas, Reading Processes
Balyan, Renu; McCarthy, Kathryn S.; McNamara, Danielle S. – International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 2020
For decades, educators have relied on readability metrics that tend to oversimplify dimensions of text difficulty. This study examines the potential of applying advanced artificial intelligence methods to the educational problem of assessing text difficulty. The combination of hierarchical machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) is…
Descriptors: Natural Language Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Man Machine Systems, Classification
Balyan, Renu; McCarthy, Kathryn S.; McNamara, Danielle S. – Grantee Submission, 2020
For decades, educators have relied on readability metrics that tend to oversimplify dimensions of text difficulty. This study examines the potential of applying advanced artificial intelligence methods to the educational problem of assessing text difficulty. The combination of hierarchical machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) is…
Descriptors: Natural Language Processing, Artificial Intelligence, Man Machine Systems, Classification
Balyan, Renu; McCarthy, Kathryn S.; McNamara, Danielle S. – Grantee Submission, 2018
While hierarchical machine learning approaches have been used to classify texts into different content areas, this approach has, to our knowledge, not been used in the automated assessment of text difficulty. This study compared the accuracy of four classification machine learning approaches (flat, one-vs-one, one-vs-all, and hierarchical) using…
Descriptors: Artificial Intelligence, Classification, Comparative Analysis, Prediction
Garraffa, Maria; Smart, Francesca; Obregón, Mateo – Language Learning and Development, 2021
The present study investigated the effect of classroom-based syntactic training on children's abilities to produce passive sentences. Thirty-three monolingual English children (mean age 5;2), were involved in passive-voice training based on storytelling sessions within a priming design. The training was delivered in a classroom setting, with two…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Story Telling, English, Monolingualism
Al-Jarf, Reima – Online Submission, 2021
The present study aimed to describe and evaluate the current assessment practices prevalent in the different translation courses offered at the College of Languages and Translation (COLT). A sample of specialized translation final exams in 18 translation subject areas was collected. Each final exam was analyzed in terms of the following: (1) # of…
Descriptors: Translation, Language Tests, Readability, Semitic Languages
Goh, Tiong-Thye; Sun, Hui; Yang, Bing – Computer Assisted Language Learning, 2020
This study investigates the extent to which microfeatures -- such as basic text features, readability, cohesion, and lexical diversity based on specific word lists -- affect Chinese EFL writing quality. Data analysis was conducted using natural language processing, correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis on a corpus of 268…
Descriptors: Essays, Writing Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Schillinger, Dean; Balyan, Renu; Crossley, Scott A.; McNamara, Danielle S.; Liu, Jennifer Y.; Karter, Andrew J. – Grantee Submission, 2020
Objective: To develop novel, scalable, and valid literacy profiles for identifying limited health literacy patients by harnessing natural language processing. Data Source: With respect to the linguistic content, we analyzed 283 216 secure messages sent by 6941 diabetes patients to physicians within an integrated system's electronic portal.…
Descriptors: Literacy, Profiles, Computational Linguistics, Syntax
Crossley, Scott A.; Skalicky, Stephen; Dascalu, Mihai; McNamara, Danielle S.; Kyle, Kristopher – Discourse Processes: A multidisciplinary journal, 2017
Research has identified a number of linguistic features that influence the reading comprehension of young readers; yet, less is known about whether and how these findings extend to adult readers. This study examines text comprehension, processing, and familiarity judgment provided by adult readers using a number of different approaches (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Reading Comprehension, Readability, Adults
Allen, Laura K.; Snow, Erica L.; McNamara, Danielle S. – Grantee Submission, 2016
A commonly held belief among educators, researchers, and students is that high-quality texts are easier to read than low-quality texts, as they contain more engaging narrative and story-like elements. Interestingly, these assumptions have typically failed to be supported by the literature on writing. Previous research suggests that higher quality…
Descriptors: Role, Writing (Composition), Natural Language Processing, Hypothesis Testing
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