Item position effect (IPE) refers to situations where an item performs differently when it is administered in different positions on a test. The majority of previous research studies have focused on investigating IPE under linear testing. There is a lack of IPE research under adaptive testing. In addition, the existence of IPE might violate Item…

Test-takers, policymakers, teachers, and institutions are increasingly demanding that testing programs provide more detailed feedback regarding test performance. As a result, there has been a growing interest in the reporting of subscores that potentially provide such detailed feedback. Haberman developed a method based on classical test theory…

Starting in April 2025, ACT will introduce enhanced forms of the ACT® test for national online testing, with a full rollout to all paper and online test takers in national, state and district, and international test administrations by Spring 2026. ACT introduced major updates by changing the test lengths and testing times, providing more time per…

Computer adaptive testing (CAT) is an increasingly common mode of test administration offering improved test security, better measurement precision, and the potential for shorter testing experiences. This article presents a new item selection algorithm based on a generalized objective function to support multiple types of testing conditions and…

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are an important evaluation technique for both examinations and learning activities. However, the manual creation of questions is time-consuming and challenging for teachers. Hence, there is a notable demand for an Automatic Question Generation (AQG) system. Several systems have been created for this aim, but the…

In computerized adaptive testing, item exposure control methods are often used to provide a more balanced usage of the item pool. Many of the most popular methods, including the restricted method (Revuelta and Ponsoda), use a single maximum exposure rate to limit the proportion of times that each item is administered. However, Barrada et al.…

In multidimensional computerized adaptive testing (MCAT), item selection strategies are generally constructed based on responses, and they do not consider the response times required by items. This study constructed two new criteria (referred to as DT-inc and DT) for MCAT item selection by utilizing information from response times. The new designs…

Administration of patient-reported outcome measures (PROs), using multidimensional computer adaptive tests (MCATs) has the potential to reduce patient burden, but the efficiency of MCAT depends on the degree to which an individual's responses fit the psychometric properties of the assessment. Assessing patients' symptom burden through the…

In computerized adaptive testing, overexposure of items in the bank is a serious problem and might result in item compromise. We develop an item selection algorithm that utilizes the entire bank well and reduces the overexposure of items. The algorithm is based on collaborative filtering and selects an item in two stages. In the first stage, a set…

Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) has gained deserved popularity in the administration of educational and professional assessments, but continues to face test security challenges. To ensure sustained quality assurance and testing integrity, it is imperative to establish and maintain multiple stable item pools that are consistent in terms of…

To solve the attenuation paradox in computerized adaptive testing (CAT), this study proposes an item selection method, the integer programming approach based on real-time test data (IPRD), to improve test efficiency. The IPRD method turns information regarding the ability distribution of the population from real-time test data into feasible test…

Two-phase testing assesses individual performance (phase 1) and then allows collaborative learning within small groups (phase 2). While groups typically outperform individuals, less is known about the social decision schemes that influence member collaboration. In a classroom setting, we compared individual and group performance on a standard test…

This study investigated the impact of scoring polytomous items later on measurement precision, classification accuracy, and test security in mixed-format adaptive testing. Utilizing the shadow test approach, a simulation study was conducted across various test designs, lengths, number and location of polytomous item. Results showed that while…

In educational tests, a group of questions related to a shared stimulus is called a testlet (e.g., a reading passage with multiple related questions). Use of testlets is very common in educational tests. Additionally, computerized adaptive testing (CAT) is a mode of testing where the test forms are created in real time tailoring to the test…

Adaptive measurement of change (AMC) is a psychometric method for measuring intra-individual change on one or more latent traits across testing occasions. Three hypothesis tests--a Z test, likelihood ratio test, and score ratio index--have demonstrated desirable statistical properties in this context, including low false positive rates and high…