In this paper, we initially investigate the capabilities of GPT-3 5 and GPT-4 in solving college-level calculus problems, an essential segment of mathematics that remains under-explored so far. Although improving upon earlier versions, GPT-4 attains approximately 65% accuracy for standard problems and decreases to 20% for competition-like…

The goal of this paper is twofold. First, the paper clarifies and elaborates on an important theoretical construct called orientation with respect to understanding in mathematics, which denotes the degree to which students exhibit an inclination towards and demonstrate an earnest concern for understanding in mathematical learning. Second, the…

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale for determining teachers' needs to increase their efficiency in professional practice. The stages of creating an item pool, consulting expert opinions, pilot testing, and conducting validity and reliability analyses were followed. Initially, a 46-item pool was created based on a literature…

In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Jacqueline Leighton and Dr. Blair Lehman review differences between think-aloud interviews to measure problem-solving processes and cognitive labs to measure comprehension processes. Learners are introduced to historical, theoretical, and procedural differences between these methods and how to use and analyze…

In recent years, numerous research studies have highlighted how teachers' perceptions of educational robotics (ER) and their sense of self-efficacy can influence the learning process. Although different instruments exist to investigate teachers' perspectives on ER, the Robotics Interest Questionnaire (RIQ) scale, developed within the Portuguese…

Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT) is a well-established model for formative assessment, with optimization typically using expectation maximization, conjugate gradient descent, or brute force search. However, one of the flaws of existing optimization techniques for BKT models is convergence to undesirable local minima that negatively impact…

This study develops and validates the fifteen-item Turkish version of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale Short Form (CAAS-5-SF) with a cooperation dimension. The data of the study were collected from 1.575 different high school students (aged between 15 and 18 years) in Turkiye. It has been observed that the scale has acceptable validity and…

Diffusion is a critical component of the Physiology Core Concept of flow down gradients and is fundamental to understanding how ions, gases, or signaling molecules travel short distances in the body. When asked about diffusion, students often reason successfully using the "things move from areas of high to low concentration" heuristic…

Context-aware mobile learning applications provide learning materials to suit the needs of individual learners. Despite several applications developed, there is a lack of architectural support for developing these applications. This has resulted in a number of challenges; lack of standardization, poor quality of developed applications, and…

Purpose: To evaluate the validity, reliability, and sensitivity of the novel Means-End Problem-Solving Assessment Tool (MEPSAT). Methods: Children with typical development and those with motor delay were assessed throughout the first 2 years of life using the MEPSAT. MEPSAT scores were validated against the cognitive and motor subscales of the…

Life in the twenty-first century requires education to integrate knowledge, attitudes, skills, and mastery of information and communication technology (ICT). An example of the skills needed in the twenty-first century is computational thinking. This study aims to develop computational thinking-skill tasks on numbers and arithmetic based on the…

Computational thinking (CT) is a multidimensional term that encompasses a wide variety of problem-solving skills related to the field of computer science. Unfortunately, standardized, valid, and reliable methods to assess CT skills in preschool children are lacking, compromising the reliability of the results reported in CT interventions. To…

Creativity in science education and research on scientific creativity are becoming increasingly significant. Several domain-specific assessment tools focusing on different aspects of scientific creativity have been developed. Some of these tools consider a wide range of aspects, while others focus on very specific science-related aspects, thereby…

This study aimed to develop and validate the Creative Problem-Solving Skills Test (CPSS-T), grounded in Torrance's creativity theory, to assess these skills in university students. The CPSS-T consists of five open-ended question types, each designed to measure different aspects of creative problem-solving: Alternative Use, Hypothetical Scenario,…

Recent research suggests that working with generative artificial intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT, can produce more creative outcomes than humans alone. However, does AI retain its creative edge when humans have access to alternative information sources, such as another human or the internet. We explored this question in a between-group…