There has been increasing interest in the effects of note taking in second language (L2) research. However, no meta-analysis has been conducted to examine the relationship between note taking and learning through exposure to L2 input. We retrieved 28 effect sizes from 21 studies (N = 1992) to explore the overall effects of note taking as well as…

This study investigated the effectiveness of the flipped learning model, compared with the nonflipped learning model, in improving second/foreign language metacognitive listening awareness and perceived strategy use. For this purpose, 40 young adult learners studying English as a foreign language in two intact classes were selected. They were…

This paper highlights Kanien'kéha (Mohawk language) "adult immersion" as an effective and expedient program structure for creating second-language (L2) speakers and argues that concentrated efforts to strengthen and expand adult immersion are essential in advancing Kanien'kéha revitalization. By conducting a comprehensive vitality…

Multimedia is vastly used as authentic and available input in second and foreign-language contexts. To deal with the difficulties and complexities of comprehending these authentic materials, collaborative learning through metacognitive instruction helps develop learners' listening comprehension. The present study has mainly explored the role of…

This study investigated the relationship between learner beliefs about peer feedback and development of second language (L2) pronunciation skills after peer feedback on pronunciation had been used in the classroom. Seventy-four first-year learners of German were assigned to a peer feedback provider group, a peer feedback receiver group, and a…

While interest in multilingualism is growing, in the field of motivation little research has examined the role played by learners' multilingual selves in constructing their motivation to learn a foreign language other than English (LOTE). Based on a dynamic model of the L2 Motivational Self System, this study explores how Chinese undergraduates'…

This paper is concerned with the integration of informal language learning into university language modules in a foreign language environment. It begins by exploring the evolving nature of formal and informal language learning. This is followed by analysis of a pedagogic innovation intended to integrate foreign language activities in an informal…

This study explores the effectiveness of a Blended Production-Oriented Approach (BPOA) in improving Self-Directed Learning (SDL) skills among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. A quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests revealed significant enhancements in key SDL skills, including planning, strategy use, resource utilization,…

EFL listening comprehension has been a stark challenge for language learners, but little is known about the combined effect of individual differences, such as working memory capacity, and metacognitive intervention. Thus, the present experimental study investigates the effect of metacognitive intervention on the listening performance and…

Corrective feedback plays a critical role in enhancing writing skills among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, but large class sizes often hinder the provision of personalized feedback. Generative AI tools such as ChatGPT have emerged as promising solutions that offer immediate and individualized feedback for writing. This study…

Second language acquisition (SLA) in English can be revolutionized by artificial intelligence (AI) because it can provide personalized learning methods for learning English. Although AI has made advancements in this area, the standard SLA systems that are familiar with often fail to provide real-time, personalized feedback that can enhance…

Acquiring and retaining vocabulary is a cornerstone of mastering a new language, and digital tools are playing an increasingly significant role in this process. This study investigated the role of Quizlet, a digital flashcard application, as a self-regulated learning (SRL) tool in enhancing vocabulary acquisition among upper-intermediate English…

With its constant advancements, technology has altered teaching and learning in certain ways in the modern era. One of the most widely used technology-based teaching strategies that has been overly popular in recent years is the use of digital media in English language training. Yet, anxiety is one of many emotional states that are significantly…

Erasmus+ supports inter-European exchanges for many students each year. The participants were asked to take a pre- and posttest with online language support (OLS). The study measured students' English development via OLS pre- and posttest scores from 2015-2021. Mixed methods with an explanatory-sequential design were utilized in this research.…

This study investigates the effects of short-term study abroad on affective changes for Second-Language English (SLE) research students participating in a five-week intensive TESOL certificate program in Australia. Changes in individual differences among the participants, including anxiety in using a second language, willingness to communicate…