Unproctored Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) is gaining traction due to its convenience, flexibility, and scalability, particularly in high-stakes assessments. However, the lack of proctor can give rise to aberrant testing behavior. These behaviors can impair the validity of test scores. This paper explores the use of a verification test to…

The pervasive issue of cheating in educational tests has emerged as a paramount concern within the realm of education, prompting scholars to explore diverse methodologies for identifying potential transgressors. While machine learning models have been extensively investigated for this purpose, the untapped potential of TabNet, an intricate deep…

Advanced digital technologies and social media have greatly improved both the learning experience and the assessment convenience, while inadvertently facilitated potential plagiarism and collaborative cheating at the same time. In this article, we will focus on the strategies and their technological implementations to run exams, or in-class tests…

The testing effect is a well-established phenomenon in cognitive psychology that refers to enhanced long-term retention of information due to active recalling through testing. Following a cross-disciplinary translation of the testing effect into behavioral principles, we systematically replicated the previous findings in a behavior-analytic…

Although school psychologists often comment on examinee motivation in their reports, systematic evaluation of effort is not common practice. Empirical assessment of performance effort provides critical evidence for the validity of evaluations and will likely lead to more valid assessments, recommendations, and placements. This article focuses on…

Despite the potential for personalized learning, e-learning courses often suffer from low completion rates. In order to address this issue, we propose and empirically test a theoretical mechanism that examines how gamification can enhance the completion rate in adaptive learning courses by promoting a more positive behavioral response and attitude…

Priming examinees with questions about intended effort prior to testing has been shown to significantly increase examinee expended effort via self-reported effort and response-time effort. However, this question-behavior effect seems to wear off later in a testing session. We examined whether administering a second "dose" of the…

The basis for mastering neurophysiology is understanding ion movement across cell membranes. The Electrochemical Gradients Assessment Device (EGAD) is a 17-item test assessing students' understanding of fundamental concepts of neurophysiology, e.g., electrochemical gradients and resistance, synaptic transmission, and stimulus strength. We…

Test-taking behavior is a potential source of construct irrelevant variance for test scores in international large-scale assessments where test-taking effort, motivation, and behaviors in general tend to be confounded with test scores. In an attempt to disentangle this relationship and gain further insight into examinees' test-taking processes,…

One of the biggest challenges for online learning is upholding academic integrity in online assessments. In particular, institutions and faculties attach importance to exam security and academic dishonesty in the online learning process. The aim of this study was to compare the test-taking behaviors and academic achievements of students in…

Background: Critical thinking (CT) has been identified as one of the key skills in the modern world. Despite a variety of CT assessment systems for secondary school and higher education, there is a shortage of CT assessments for children. Aims: To fill the gap, we developed a computer-based performance assessment (CPBA) of CT with automatic…

Standard online tutorials at The Open University, based in the UK, are generally tutor-led with the tutor setting the agenda and content. This study investigated the inclusion of online student-led drop-in tutorials to support assessment on an OU level one module. The aims were to gauge the value to students of this style of tutorial, to…

Although existing research has explored various aspects of online exam cheating, there is a scarcity of studies with in-depth qualitative phases focusing specifically on psychological reasons for online exam cheating in higher education context. Therefore, the aim of this mixed-methods research is to investigate the psychological reasons behind…

Some college students may be disengaged when completing assessments for institutional accountability and improvement. If disengagement is not identified and the resulting data are removed, the validity of score interpretations suffers. Using data gathered from students who completed non-consequential assessments for institutional accountability,…

This paper's purpose is to investigate the attitude of students in mathematical discovery processes in terms of the handling of counterexamples. By understanding this attitude as a kind of scientific attitude, it consists of different aspects that become visible in the behaviour during a mathematical discovery process. Since such a process is…