In the field of psychology, what motivates a person to achieve their goals has been vastly researched, particularly in looking at internal versus external factors. In education, using internal or intrinsic factors that can predict motivation is helpful as they facilitate goal attainment, such as earning a degree. Two factors (online self-efficacy…

Academic Motivation Scale-Chemistry (AMS-Chemistry), an instrument based on the self-determination theory, was used to evaluate students' motivation in two organic chemistry courses, where one course was primarily lecture-based and the other implemented flipped classroom and peer-led team learning (Flip-PLTL) pedagogies. Descriptive statistics…