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Eguchi, Masaki; Kyle, Kristopher – Modern Language Journal, 2020
Lexical sophistication has been an important indicator of productive lexical proficiency for almost 30 years. Although lexical sophistication has most often been operationalized as the proportion of low frequency words in a text, a growing body of research has indicated that a number of indices such as concreteness, hypernymy, and n-gram…
Descriptors: Oral Language, Language Proficiency, Lexicology, English Language Learners
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Crossley, Scott; Kyle, Kristopher; Davenport, Jodi; McNamara, Danielle S. – International Educational Data Mining Society, 2016
This study introduces the Constructed Response Analysis Tool (CRAT), a freely available tool to automatically assess student responses in online tutoring systems. The study tests CRAT on a dataset of chemistry responses collected in the ChemVLab+. The findings indicate that CRAT can differentiate and classify student responses based on semantic…
Descriptors: Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Chemistry, Natural Language Processing, High School Students
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Crossley, Scott A.; Skalicky, Stephen; Dascalu, Mihai; McNamara, Danielle S.; Kyle, Kristopher – Discourse Processes: A multidisciplinary journal, 2017
Research has identified a number of linguistic features that influence the reading comprehension of young readers; yet, less is known about whether and how these findings extend to adult readers. This study examines text comprehension, processing, and familiarity judgment provided by adult readers using a number of different approaches (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Reading Comprehension, Readability, Adults
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Kyle, Kristopher; Crossley, Scott A.; McNamara, Danielle S. – Language Testing, 2016
This study explores the construct validity of speaking tasks included in the TOEFL iBT (e.g., integrated and independent speaking tasks). Specifically, advanced natural language processing (NLP) tools, MANOVA difference statistics, and discriminant function analyses (DFA) are used to assess the degree to which and in what ways responses to these…
Descriptors: Construct Validity, Natural Language Processing, Speech Skills, Speech Acts