This publication is the new edition of EDC's popular 2011 guide by the same name, completely revised to include lessons learned over the last decade, including the massive move to online learning during the COVID-19 global pandemic. Drawing on data from 188 countries and nearly 700 publications, this comprehensive guide explores distance education…

This work starts with a brief overview of education in developing countries, to contextualise the use of the guidelines. Although this document is intended to be a practical tool, it is necessary to include some theoretical analysis of the concept of online assessment. This is given in Sections 3 and 4, together with the identification and…