Open-ended tasks can be decomposed into the three levels of Newell's Cognitive Band: the Unit-Task level, the Operation level, and the Deliberate-Act level. We analyzed the video game Co-op Space Fortress at these levels, reporting both the match of a cognitive model to subject behavior and the use of electroencephalogram (EEG) to track subject…

Purpose: Atypical temporal processing is thought to be involved in the phonological difficulties that characterize children with developmental dyslexia (DYS). The temporal sampling (TS) theory of dyslexia posits that the processing of low-frequency envelope modulations is impaired, but the processing of binaural temporal fine structure (TFS) is…

The Illusory Truth Effect (ITE) is a cognitive bias wherein participants rate repeated statements as more truthful relative to new statements. Although this effect may be less adaptive in our current media climate, where repeated information can circulate easily, few studies have examined how to mitigate or reduce it. In the current studies, we…

Perfectionism research has progressively supported an identification of two related dimensions, referred to as perfectionistic strivings (PS) and perfectionistic concerns (PC). Examinations of learner experiences based on these two dimensions have routinely demonstrated differential influence on academic emotions and performances, examining the…

Student teachers are invaluable educational assets, especially in digital transformation. The online collaborative reflection ability (OCRA) is crucial for their teaching careers and has always been challenging. There is a pressing need for new collaborative learning strategies to enhance student teachers' OCRA and improve the quality of future…

Previous studies tend to focus on two facets of creativity: everyday creativity (little-C) and actual creative achievement (Big-C). While little-C and Big-C both involve divergent thinking (DT), the role of DT in their relationship remains unclear. Here, we assessed the creativity scores of 64 adults, including the Creative Behavior Inventory…

Grouping students according to their abilities and promoting deeper interaction and moderation are key issues in improving computational thinking in collaborative programming. However, the distribution characteristics and evolving pathways of computational thinking in different groups have not been deeply explored. During the course of a…

This study investigated the nature of switch costs after trials on which the cued task had been either only prepared (cue-only trials) or both prepared and performed (completed trials). Previous studies have found that task-switch costs occur following cue-only trials, demonstrating that preparing--without performing--a task is sufficient to…

We previously observed students gesturing during a symmetry and group theory activity. This prompted additional interviews, wherein we attempted to understand the semiotic function of these gestures. We report here on the gestures that students used in this context to represent symmetry elements, symmetry operations, and other related ideas. In…

This study examined if the number of interruptions caused by interesting side notes in learning text is critical for the detrimental effect that is generally found when such seductive details are included, and consequently, if this effect can be mitigated by grouping these details together instead of interspersing them. Results confirmed that…

Background: Process data captured by computer-based assessments provide valuable insight into respondents' cognitive processes during problem-solving tasks. Although previous studies have utilized process data to analyse behavioural patterns or strategies in problem-solving tasks, the connection between latent cognitive states and their…

The consolidation process stabilizes a new initially labile memory. This consolidation could operate on a shorter timescale during wakefulness after initial motor learning. Within micro-offline learning states, sequences of simple individual actions learned through interleaved practice are condensed into a unified skill through a time-dependent…

Based on the assumptions of cognitive load theory, this study aims to utilize the eye movement data collected from multiple experts to scaffold novice graphic designers. The study has two main stages. In the first stage, eye tracking was used to record the eye movements of 7 experts, who covered eight topics explaining how to use Photoshop. The…

Construal level theory states that future events that are nearer in the future and events that are more likely to happen have lower construal levels, and therefore have less detail, than events that are further away and/or less likely to happen. Consistent with this theory, the number of details in a statement can be a moderately good cue to…

Creative thinking, recognized as a fundamental life skill, is a complex process influenced by cognitive load. While literature has addressed the integration of cognitive load theory into creative thinking research, a comprehensive synthesis is lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review and deductive thematic analysis, drawing…