This study highlights the effectiveness of the observation sheet in directly analyzing urban facilities, identifying gaps, and assessing students' knowledge about urban space (the medieval city of Târgu Mure? and its surroundings), as well as the effects of direct observation on the elements identified by students within the urban space. The study…

Authentic assessment -- where instructors create a realistic, cognitively challenging learning environment -- is critical in environmental science education. However, academic staff insufficiently rely on best practices in authentic learning due to lack of knowledge or interest. Here, we evaluate existing frameworks to improve the authenticity of…

In pedagogical language, "scaffolding" is frequently used to replace the expression "support in learning". In didactic terms, the practice in the classroom shows that various types of support, such as the teacher, colleagues, and technologies, contribute to more efficient learning. In terms of technologies, the present study…

Drawing on our experience teaching a 2-week field-based geography course on urban environmental issues, we reinforce the value of field-based experiential education (EE) especially as it faces growing threats. We show how such experience can enable students to understand the diversity of urban environmental challenges in situ; grasp cities as…

Social work's traditional emphasis on the individual in the context of social environments has resulted in a neglect of the person in the context of physical environments. This conceptual article addresses this oversight by presenting three subconcepts of place--place attachment, place identity, and territoriality--and draws on research examples…