This study investigated the effects of working memory load (WML) and automaticity on mental addition through an examination of both task and individual characteristics within the framework of cognitive load theory. Results from 73 fourth graders showed that WML, automaticity, and their interaction had significant effects on mental addition.…

Amidst the disruptions caused by COVID-19, maintaining learner engagement in traditional and online courses has become a significant concern. This study explores the use of embedded video questions in an undergraduate Biology course grounded in the Learning Experience Design (LXD) pedagogical paradigm with the objective to reduce cognitive load…

Cross-sectional studies such as TIMSS can reveal associations between teaching practices and student achievement that are against expectations with the theory of Educational Effectiveness Research. Therefore, this paper extends TIMSS 2019 study into a follow-up approach examining what is the contribution of TIMSS educational assessment in Teacher…

In the core of computational thinking (CT) practices is problem-solving. However, there is little research on connecting CT with problem solving processes. We developed a computer-based assessment on CT that can log students' problem-solving processes and administered it to a group of fifth graders as a pre- and post- measure of a robotics…

There is widespread agreement that emotions play a critical role in informal science learning, yet little is known about the emotional experiences of children in informal science learning environments. This study aims to address this challenge by exploring the relationships among emotional, behavioral, and cognitive engagement in a science museum…

Curriculum and cognitive level alignment among the intended, the enacted, and the assessed curricula were explored and measured. In particular, the focus of the study was on two domains: content/operations and cognitive levels/processes. Results indicated that cognitive level alignment among the intended, enacted and assessed curricula was 0.07.…

This study reports findings of ten urban California educational leaders' views about their perceived emotional, psychological, and cognitive skillsets to mitigate the Dunning-Kruger Effect and maximize equity in student learning in ten of the state's highest performing, low socioeconomic status schools. Psychologists David Dunning and Justin…

The purpose of the present small-scale study was to investigate the factor structure of an adapted, 13-item subjective English cognitive load scale in a fully online learning context. To serve this purpose, adult online learners enrolled in a fully online graduate program completed the adapted English cognitive load scale at the end of an…

Within the context of comprehension and education, there has been a heavy emphasis placed on an individual's ability to construct a coherent and elaborated mental representation of text content. Previous research has aimed to establish the theoretical basis behind the comprehension process, as well as the most effective interventions for improving…

Sequence of contextual information refers to the order of descriptions involved in the context component of items, such as sequence of events, sequence of intention and action, and sequence of effect and cause. To build on prior findings on how different sequences of contextual information could influence student test scores, we used eye tracking…

Understanding the critical thought process of preservice teachers in an urban teaching environment is essential for the establishment of a social justice oriented teacher education curriculum. Utilizing artifacts taken from a preservice teacher education program, specifically monthly critically reflective teaching journals, four distinct thinking…

Research within the Cognitive load theory (CLT) framework typically assumes motivation as a precursor to learning, rather than an outcome of instruction. In this study, we observe changes in learners' motivational beliefs as outcomes of their cognitive processes, through CLT lens. Using double-blind quasi-experimental design, we manipulate the…

The relationship between cognitive processing and spatial ability offers insight into the effectiveness of complex images for learning. In this study we demonstrate that high and low spatial ability learners process complex images differently for learning. Processing for the present study was determined by changes in cerebral blood velocity and…

Supporting productive peer-to-peer interaction is a central challenge in online courses. Although cooperative learning research provides robust evidence for the positive outcomes of face-to-face cooperative learning (Johnson & Johnson, 1989), online modes of cooperative learning have provided mixed results. This study examines the effects of…

Over the last three decades, there has been increased attention on the collection and interpretation of "response processing data" to inform claims of learners' knowledge and skills (e.g., see Ercikan et al., 2010; Kobrin & Young, 2003; see also, Leighton, 2004). Response processing data are perhaps most consequential in the…