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Direct linkEngle, Jae; Walker, Caren M. – Child Development, 2021
Often, the evidence we observe is consistent with more than one explanation. How do learners discriminate among candidate causes? The current studies examine whether counterfactuals help 5-year olds (N = 120) select between competing hypotheses and compares the effectiveness of these prompts to a related scaffold. In Experiment 1, counterfactuals…
Descriptors: Young Children, Logical Thinking, Discrimination Learning, Prompting
Wu, Yang; Gweon, Hyowon – Child Development, 2021
Emotional expressions are abundant in children's lives. What role do they play in children's causal inference and exploration? This study investigates whether preschool-aged children use others' emotional expressions to infer the presence of unknown causal functions and guide their exploration accordingly. Children (age: 3.0-4.9; N = 112, the…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Social Cognition, Emotional Response, Prior Learning
Schadl, Constanze; Ufer, Stefan – Child Development, 2023
Previous research on the role of prior skills like proportional reasoning skills for the development of mathematical concepts offers conclusions such as "more (prior skills) is better (for later learning)." Insights, which prior skill "level" goes along with which "level" of learning outcomes, may advance the…
Descriptors: Prior Learning, Mathematical Concepts, Thinking Skills, Mathematical Logic
Lin, Xin; Powell, Sarah R. – Child Development, 2023
In the present study, we investigated the impact of a word-problem intervention in retention and acquisition of knowledge after the intervention ended. We based analyses upon Grade 4 students experiencing mathematics difficulty (average age at pretest = 8.77) who received one of two variants of a word-problem intervention (with [n = 111] vs.…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 4, Elementary School Mathematics, Word Problems (Mathematics)
Walker, Caren M.; Lombrozo, Tania; Williams, Joseph J.; Rafferty, Anna N.; Gopnik, Alison – Child Development, 2017
Three experiments investigate how self-generated explanation influences children's causal learning. Five-year-olds (N = 114) observed data consistent with two hypotheses and were prompted to explain or to report each observation. In Study 1, when making novel generalizations, explainers were more likely to favor the hypothesis that accounted for…
Descriptors: Young Children, Learning, Influences, Observation
Klinger, Jörn; Mayor, Julien; Bannard, Colin – Child Development, 2016
Despite its recognized importance for cultural transmission, little is known about the role imitation plays in language learning. Three experiments examine how rates of imitation vary as a function of qualitative differences in the way language is used in a small indigenous community in Oaxaca, Mexico and three Western comparison groups. Data from…
Descriptors: Beliefs, Experiments, Indigenous Populations, Foreign Countries
