Automatic short answer grading (ASAG) is a challenging task that aims to predict a score for a given student response. Previous works on ASAG mainly use nonneural or neural methods. However, the former depends on handcrafted features and is limited by its inflexibility and high cost, and the latter ignores global word cooccurrence in a corpus and…

Online tests offer many advantages but they still belong to assessment, which may make learners have anxiety. Thus, students may experience certain emotion. Academic emotion is a branch of emotion and has great effects on student learning. Such effects can be associated with individual differences, especially prior knowledge. To this end, this…

The digital transformation of education is greatly accelerating in various computer-supported applications. As a particularly prominent application of the human-machine interactive system, intelligent learning systems aim to capture users' current intentions and provide recommendations through real-time feedback. However, we have a limited…

This article investigates the impact of LMS-based integrated online assessment implementation (LbIOA) on fostering learning motivation and academic performance from tertiary students' experiences and instructors' perspectives. A total of 156 students and seven teachers from the English department at a university in Vietnam participated in the…

The lack of comprehensive language proficiency assessment models recognizing the nonlinearity and dynamicity of individual differences, as well as the fundamental differences between paper- and computer-assisted language assessments (CALA) served as the rationale to conduct the present study. Drawing on dynamic systems theory, a Nonlinear Dynamic…

Currently, 50 + learning systems supporting student question-generation (SQG) activities have been developed. While generating questions of different types is supported in many of these systems, systems allowing students to generate questions around a scenario (i.e. student testlet-generation, STG) are not yet available. Noting the increasing…

In a world designed for non-disabled people, visually impaired students (VIS), have to overcome difficulties such as content and exam formats, in their education life. The aim of this study is to determine the usefulness level of the online voice-assisted exam system (OVAES), which was designed and developed by the researchers with reference to…

Different e-learning technologies may offer different incentive factors, which influence behavioural intention. Moreover, when adopting a new e-learning technology for an extended period, learners' perceptions and learning behaviour may change during the learning period. Unfortunately, as formative assessments (FAs) are often continuously…

The current investigation reflects on the insufficient performance of students in virtual exams in the era of transformation of the physical mode of education to digital one due to the passive adaptation to the technical drive of the virtual environment, the tenuous command of platform's technical language, especially in mathematics and physics…

This study proposed a three-tier test to help students learn English grammar. To reduce students' anxiety, game-based learning was incorporated into the three-tier test, where personalization was also implemented to accommodate students' different needs. More specifically, we developed a Personalized Entertaining Three-Tier Test (PET3), which…

This paper describes an automatic quiz generation system designed to support language learning that utilizes digital textbook logs. Learners often memorize words in digital textbooks while preparing for an examination, and they often use the highlight function for the words. Previous studies regarding annotations and highlights have shown that…

School readiness is recognized as one of the key starting points for children's further success in their school work and in their subsequent career. However, many kindergarten teachers still miss and long for a comprehensive, reliable and standardized diagnostic tool which could help them recognize the level of children's school readiness. That is…

The properties of a blockchain such as immutability, provenance, and peer-executed smart contracts could bring a new level of security, trust, and transparency to e-learning. In this paper, we introduce our proof-of-concept blockchain-based e-learning platform developed to increase transparency in assessments and facilitate curriculum…

Despite their drawback, multiple-choice questions are an enduring feature in instruction because they can be answered more rapidly than open response questions and they are easily scored. However, it can be difficult to generate good incorrect choices (called "distractors"). We designed an algorithm to generate distractors from a…

This study implemented the principles of dynamic assessment (DA) with computer technology, iSpring Quiz Maker, to (1) identify the English listening difficulties of 172 L2 English learners; (2) diagnose their individual learning needs, and (3) promote their future potential abilities. Upon evaluating the participating junior high school students'…