Institutional reliance on tenure-line faculty reached a historic low after the Great Recession in 2009, remaining at approximately a third of all faculty through 2022. Postsecondary institutions have steadily increased their reliance on full-time adjunct faculty over the last two decades. Part-time adjuncts, meanwhile, were hired in great numbers…

Schools can be hard-to-staff for a variety of different reasons. For example, researchers have documented the challenge urban and rural schools face because of their geographical locations (Berry, 2004). Others have noted the demanding nature of working with students who have significant academic, social, and emotional needs (Bullock, 2006).…

This quantitative survey study compared student perceptions of counseling services between a community college that employed counselors on-campus with one that outsourced services to an online provider. Many community college students struggle with mental health which challenges their educational progress. Counseling services have been shown to…