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Ziegler, Esther; Edelsbrunner, Peter A.; Stern, Elsbeth – European Journal of Psychology of Education, 2021
Teacher-directed and self-directed learning have been compared across various contexts. Depending on the settings and the presentation of material, mixed benefits are found; the specific circumstances under which either condition is advantageous are unclear. We combined and reanalyzed data from two experimental studies investigating the effects of…
Descriptors: Elementary School Mathematics, Mathematics Instruction, Elementary School Teachers, Elementary School Students