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Pinxten, Rianne; Desclée, Mathieu; Eens, Marcel – International Journal of Science Education, 2016
In 1963, the Nobel Prize-winning ethologist Niko Tinbergen proposed a framework for the scientific study of animal behaviour by outlining four questions that should be answered to have a complete understanding: causation, ontogeny, function and evolution. At present, Tinbergen's framework is still considered the best way to guide animal…
Descriptors: Animals, Guidelines, Secondary School Students, Undergraduate Students