Token reinforcement procedures are used to increase appropriate behavior (e.g., completion of instructional tasks) and decrease problem behavior (e.g., aggression) in a wide array of clinical contexts. Token exchange-production schedules, which specify the number of tokens that must be accrued to produce the exchange schedule, are important…

Managing disruptive or challenging behavior has been cited as one of the top concerns of early care and education providers. Equipping staff with feasible behavior management strategies is paramount in reducing the occurrence of challenging behaviors in the classroom and negating the need for more intrusive interventions. This article discusses…

Several literature reviews have indicated the effectiveness of visual schedules (VS) to increase engagement and decrease problem behavior related to transitions for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, Lequia et al. (2012) noted that VS are typically combined with multiple intervention components, making it unclear…

In this review, we summarized and meta-analyzed 35 single-case intervention studies that involved the use of multiple schedules of reinforcement with 78 individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Based on Tau-U calculations, multiple schedules of reinforcement produced an overall large effect for appropriate communicative…

This study used a multiple probe design to evaluate the effects of a teacher-implemented video-schedule intervention on the mathematical skills and untargeted challenging behaviors of five elementary-school students with autism. Results indicated that the intervention was effective in improving participants' academic performance, and a decrease in…

Sleep problems are frequently reported by parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with prevalence estimates of 44-83%. While it is important to address any underlying medical or psychiatric issues that contribute to sleep challenges, establishing good sleep hygiene is considered a good first step, which often includes establishing…

The evidence-based parenting program Video-Feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) may have potential to also support teachers in primary schools in their interaction with children with behavior problems. We therefore adapted the intervention for use with primary school teachers (VIPP-School). Here we…

Functional communication training (FCT) is an evidence-based intervention that while often effective, can result in rote responding, reduced generalizability of target behavior, and resurgence of challenging behavior (CB) during treatment lapses. Lag schedules of reinforcement have been successfully used to address these concerns. We applied an…

If you are like most educators, you agree with the idea of providing intensive intervention for students with the most intractable academic and behavior problems. The question you may be asking is, how do I find the time? Intensive intervention requires time for planning and delivering individualized instruction, as well as time for collecting and…

When a functional analysis indicates problem behavior is reinforced by socially mediated consequences, functional communication training (FCT) is a commonly prescribed and well-established intervention (Carr & Durand, 1985; Tiger & Hanley, 2008). One limitation of FCT is that although problem behavior decreases, the functional…

Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) frequently engage in escape-maintained problem behavior, which can limit their access to academic instruction and lead to placement in more restrictive educational settings. While there are function-based interventions to treat escape-maintained problem behavior, these interventions…

Research suggests that class-wide academic engagement can be improved by research-based classroom management. However, teachers struggle to implement classroom management consistently and may need ongoing support. Identifying critical components of classroom management could help illuminate mechanisms of action and streamline teacher…

The challenges of recognizing and responding to students' social, emotional, and mental health needs are compounded in a distance learning environment. To help educators use trauma-informed teaching practices in distance learning contexts, this brief offers strategies, with specific examples, for recognizing and responding to students' social and…

Active supervision is a practical strategy for increasing student engagement and decreasing student disruptive behavior. In this article, we describe a step-by-step process for using active supervision, with teaching tips to assist with successful implementation. Throughout the article we offer lessons from the field featuring the perspectives of…

For more than a decade, the widely used "Pyramid Model for Promoting Social Emotional Competence in Infants and Young Children" has been helping early educators use research-based practices to boost social-emotional development. Now there's a practical guide that makes it easier than ever to implement this highly effective framework in…