The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine the leadership practices of three district-level dual language (DL) program leaders in a Midwestern state and the organizational forces that oppose and support their work as they lead a "contracorriente" (against the current) in their respective school districts. Grounded in a…

The academic success and language proficiency in Arabic of bilingual Arabic learners (BAL) in immersion programs have been limited by a lack of effective policies and practices that address the Arabic population's inclusive and equitable educational environment. This qualitative case study aims to provide insight into how academic leaders can…

This study examined the knowledge, motivation, and organizational (KMO) influences that shape how dual language immersion program (DLIP) administrators sustain these programs on their campuses in a California public school district. Using a modified version of Clark and Estes' gap analysis model, a qualitative case study explored the assumed KMO…

In support of growing numbers of dual language programs nation-wide, dual language school administrators seek to find teachers who are specifically prepared to work with dual language learners for additive biliteracy. For this research the author utilized a case study design to explore practicing dual language administrators' perspectives…