This study focused on the development and validation of the Sense of Online Community Scale (SOCS), which includes 28 Likert-type scale items across six subscales: (1) program community; (2) program academic activities; (3) program social activities; (4) institutional academic activities; (5) institutional social activities; and (6) affiliation.…

This article considers the implementation of Emojis as responses within survey research, measuring attitudes towards mathematics in children aged eight and nine years old. Participants answered two multi-item scales. The first required them to provide an Emoji to provide their responses to statements, whilst the second additionally required them…

"Cyberbullying"--the intentional, repeated online harassment of a person with less perceived social power--is a pervasive issue facing today's college students. As a result of cyberbullying, victimized students can suffer social, psychological, and academic consequences. This article reports the psychometric validation of a cyberbullying…

Given recent calls for advancing valid instrumentation in the field of cyberaggression, the present study evaluated construct validity and measurement invariance for the Cyberbullying Experiences Survey (CES) in a high school and college student sample. A series of confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), reliability analyses, and a nomological net…

At present, with the rapid development of the internet and the gradual promotion of online collaborative learning, the social regulation of learning is receiving increasing attention, which involves socially shared metacognition, one facet of social metacognition. To date, social regulation of learning or socially shared metacognition have been…

This study examines the construct validity of the Student Online Learning Readiness (SOLR) instrument. The SOLR instrument consists of 20 items to evaluate social competencies, communication competencies, and technical competencies in online learning. A large midwestern university was selected to test the construct validity of the SOLR instrument.…

Objective: Cyber bullying represents a new and alarming form of bullying that potentially leads to serious and long-lasting consequences for young people; yet, there is a dearth of research on the assessment of cyberbullying behaviors among emerging adults. Thus, this study aims to close this gap by assessing the development and validation of the…