This article provides a theoretical exploration of the connections between critical literacy and symbolic competence with some pedagogical examples from an empirical study. More specifically, we argue that critical literacy can be utilised as an approach to develop symbolic competence, and, by extension, encourage intercultural learning. Our…

This study aimed to investigate what cultural meanings English language learners (ELLs) attributed to the selected digital photographs and how they interpreted these photographs at the intersection of 'my culture' and 'other culture' dichotomy. This qualitative study was carried out during the fall term of 2020-2021 at a state university in…