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Download full textCanakli, Levent Ali; Alabay, Sercan – Journal of Education and Learning, 2022
French teaching in Ottoman Turkey found its actual speed with the Tanzimat period (the political reforms made in the ottoman state in 1839). Until the proclamation of the Republic, and even until the 1950s, French was considered the leading carrier of Western culture and civilization in Turkey, and teaching French was deemed necessary. However, it…
Descriptors: French, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Instructional Materials
Direct linkWei, Li; Hua, Zhu – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2019
This article discusses a relatively under-explored phenomenon that we call Tranßcripting -- writing, designing and digitally generating new scripts with elements from different scriptal and semiotic systems. The data are drawn from examples of such scripts created by multilingual Chinese users in everyday online social interaction. We analyse the…
Descriptors: Chinese, Orthographic Symbols, Semiotics, Written Language
