Purpose: To advance understanding about the way endogenous knowledge on mangrove swamp rice (MSR) farming is transmitted, reinvented and negotiated between generations and highlight the implications this has for R4D. Design/Methodology/Approach: Long-term qualitative research using an ethnographic approach, technography and biographies of farmers.…

The purpose of this study is to describe how the learning process is based on the value of "Gotong royong" which occurs in the MSMEs community in order to face the challenges of high competition in the current era of globalization. Gotong royong is a principle of reciprocity. It means that it does not aim to get money or other materials…