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Sarah H. Solomon; Anna C. Schapiro – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Concepts contain rich structures that support flexible semantic cognition. These structures can be characterized by patterns of feature covariation: Certain features tend to cluster in the same items (e.g., "feathers," "wings," "can fly"). Existing computational models demonstrate how this kind of structure can be…
Descriptors: Concept Formation, Learning Processes, Verbal Stimuli, Visual Stimuli
Keith J. Holyoak; Nicholas Ichien; Hongjing Lu – Creativity Research Journal, 2024
Creativity is typically defined as the generation of novel and useful ideas or artifacts. This generative capacity is crucial to everyday problem solving, technological innovation, scientific discovery, and the arts. A central concern of cognitive scientists is to understand the processes that underlie human creative thinking. We review evidence…
Descriptors: Creative Thinking, Logical Thinking, Stimuli, Relationship
Hadar Ram; Guy Grinfeld; Nira Liberman – npj Science of Learning, 2024
We show that learners generalized more broadly around the learned stimulus when they expected more variability between the learning set and the generalization set, as well as within the generalization set. Experiments 1 and 3 used a predictive learning task and demonstrated border perceptual generalization both when expected variability was…
Descriptors: Generalization, Predictor Variables, Learning Processes, Correlation
Kligler, Nitzan; Gabay, Yafit – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2023
Structural patterns existing in language can be exploited for implicit prediction of sequences in speech and visual input via a process termed statistical learning (SL). Despite extensive examination of SL in dyslexia, whether SL problems arise from modality-constrained learning processes or from global learning processes is still unknown, nor is…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Young Adults, Performance, Reading Skills
Marília Nunes-Silva; Gleidiane Salomé; Fernando Lopes Gonçalves; Thenille Braun Janzen; Benjamin Rich Zendel – Research Studies in Music Education, 2024
Music performance is an intensive sensorimotor task that involves the generation of mental representations of musical information that are actively accessed, maintained, and manipulated according to the demands of the performance. Internal representations and external information interact through feedback and feedforward processes that adjust the…
Descriptors: Sensory Experience, Music Education, Musical Instruments, Video Technology
Vogt, Andrea; Babel, Franziska; Hock, Philipp; Baumann, Martin; Seufert, Tina – British Journal of Educational Technology, 2021
Presenting a pictorial representation followed by a textual representation supports learners to build a coherent mental model. Providing an elaboration prompt stimulates learners to process the learning content semantically. Hence, combining both approaches might result in synergetic effects as both foster mental model development, which could be…
Descriptors: Computer Simulation, Schemata (Cognition), Pictorial Stimuli, Auditory Stimuli
Kempe, Vera; Gauvrit, Nicolas; Panayotov, Nikolay; Cunningham, Sheila; Tamariz, Monica – Cognitive Science, 2021
Iterated language learning experiments that explore the emergence of linguistic structure in the laboratory vary considerably in methodological implementation, limiting the generalizability of findings. Most studies also restrict themselves to exploring the emergence of combinatorial and compositional structure in isolation. Here, we use a novel…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Language Acquisition, Language Research, Auditory Stimuli
Sajjad Farashi; Ensiyeh Jenabi; Saeid Bashirian; Afshin Fayyazi; Mohammad Rezaei; Katayoon Razjouyan – Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2025
People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show deficits in the processing of visual stimuli. This systematic review summarized the differences in visual event-related potential (ERP) components among ASD and typically developing individuals. Major databases were searched for finding eligible studies that investigated differences in visual ERP…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Visual Stimuli, Emotional Intelligence, Familiarity
Kenny Yu; Wolf Vanpaemel; Francis Tuerlinckx; Jonas Zaman – npj Science of Learning, 2024
Perception and perceptual memory play crucial roles in fear generalization, yet their dynamic interaction remains understudied. This research (N = 80) explored their relationship through a classical differential conditioning experiment. Results revealed that while fear context perception fluctuates over time with a drift effect, perceptual memory…
Descriptors: Generalizability Theory, Generalization, Fear, Learning Processes
David Ruiz Méndez – Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 2024
The aim of this study was to model a situation that induced choice between following two incompatible rules, each associated with a different rate of reinforcement. In Experiment 1, eight undergraduate students were exposed to a two-component multiple schedule (training). In each component, there was a concurrent variable interval (VI)-extinction…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Guidelines, Reinforcement, Undergraduate Students
The Modality Effect Reverses in a Virtual Reality Learning Environment and Influences Cognitive Load
Albus, Patrick; Seufert, Tina – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2023
When Virtual Reality (VR) is used to present learning content, the three-dimensional image is often not sufficient and additional text is required, either in the form of visual or auditory text. Such additional instructional text could be particularly beneficial due to the many visual stimuli and the risk of visual working memory overload.…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Computer Simulation, Audiovisual Instruction, Outcomes of Education
Jasso, Tania; Alva, Elda A. – Journal for the Study of Education and Development, 2022
The purpose of this study was to investigate sub-lexical segmentation in Spanish-speaking children based on the perception of regular syllables (pseudomorphemes), as well as their association with a visual referent. Both of these skills are the precursors to learning morphology for language acquisition. Twenty-three 12-month-old children…
Descriptors: Language Acquisition, Morphology (Languages), Morphemes, Spanish
Jessica L. Paranczak; Joseph M. Lambert; Jennifer R. Ledford; Bailey A. Copeland; M. Janey Macdonald – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2024
Recommendations for achieving generalized instructional outcomes often overlook the capacity for generative learning for most verbally competent humans. Four children (ages 5-8) participated in this project. In Study 1, we provided decontextualized discrete trial teaching to establish arbitrary relations between colors, pictures of characters, and…
Descriptors: Applied Behavior Analysis, Teaching Methods, Behavior Modification, Instructional Effectiveness
Natasa Ganea; Caspar Addyman; Jiale Yang; Andrew Bremner – Child Development, 2024
This study investigated whether infants encode better the features of a briefly occluded object if its movements are specified simultaneously by vision and audition than if they are not (data collected: 2017-2019). Experiment 1 showed that 10-month-old infants (N = 39, 22 females, White-English) notice changes in the visual pattern on the object…
Descriptors: Infants, Child Development, Multisensory Learning, Recall (Psychology)
Alba López-Moraga; Laura Luyten; Tom Beckers – npj Science of Learning, 2024
Pervasive avoidance is one of the central symptoms of all anxiety-related disorders. In treatment, avoidance behaviors are typically discouraged because they are assumed to maintain anxiety. Yet, it is not clear if engaging in avoidance is always detrimental. In this study, we used a platform-mediated avoidance task to investigate the influence of…
Descriptors: Fear of Success, Animal Behavior, Animals, Males