Mental imagery is a vital cognitive skill that significantly influences how reality is perceived while creating art. Its multifaceted nature reveals various dimensions of creative expression, amplifying the inherent complexities of measuring it. This study aimed to shorten the Mental Imagery Scale in Artistic Creativity (MISAC) via the Ant Colony…

Participants in achievement tests or psychometric scales can be naturally divided into various sub-groups such as gender, race, social economic status, school district, etc. In order to make meaningful comparison between groups, each item in the test/scale should measure the same underlying construct for participants came from different groups.…