Leadership assessment is analysed in 3 investigations: a) a quantitative study carried out with scientists (R&D), where a distinction between chief/leaders (units' director or chief) and subordinate members in academic units of research was made; b) 2 qualitative studies also carried out at the third-level: the first one with PhDs from 4…

In their everyday work, scholars constantly acquire and transfer knowledge. Many of these knowledge flows are difficult to observe, not least because scholars are often not aware of them. This may be the reason why the attention to knowledge flows is very unevenly distributed across science studies, with bibliometric citation-based studies…

Research and development (R&D) is vital for economic growth, and external funding is crucial for developing countries like Egypt to compete globally. The European Union (EU) Framework Programs (FPs) offer significant funding opportunities, but challenges in accessing these funds remain underexplored for countries like Egypt. This study…

The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) defines translational science as "the field of investigation focused on understanding the scientific and operational principles underlying each step of the translational process." A major goal of translational science is to determine commonalities across projects to…

Although the central role of educational intermediaries that can connect research and practice is increasingly appreciated, our present understanding of their motivations, products, and processes is inadequate. In response, this multiple-case study asks how and why three large-scale intermediaries--Edutopia, the Marshall Memo, and Usable…

The science and engineering (S&E) labor force helps to create and advance our scientific and technological knowledge, transform these advances into goods and services, and fuel America's economy, security, and quality of life. This report details several aspects of the U.S. S&E workforce, including growth, demographic makeup, earnings, and…