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Direct linkSpada, Nina; Lightbown, Patsy M. – Modern Language Journal, 2022
In discussions about relationships between research and pedagogy, teachers and researchers are often characterized as facing each other across a "gap" that separates them. Teachers are described as having practical concerns about their own classrooms and little patience for "theoretical" issues. Researchers are described as…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Trust (Psychology), Language Teachers
Lightbown, Patsy M.; Spada, Nina – Language Teaching, 2020
One of the challenges facing second and foreign language (L2) teachers and learners in primary and secondary school settings is the limited amount of time available. There is disagreement about how to meet this challenge. In this paper we argue against two 'common sense' recommendations for increasing instructional time -- start as early as…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Elementary School Teachers, Elementary School Students
