Integrated STEM education has been widely promoted to cultivate students' competencies to solve real-world problems. To promote STEM education, it is crucial to design high-quality STEM curricula. However, STEM curriculum design is a complex task involving multiple components and complicated processes to coordinate the components into a coherent…

Visual representations are a familiar element of daily life and particularly beneficial as illustrations in science textbooks. In this case, learners draw on human dimensions such as cognitive style (CS) and prior knowledge (PK) when engaging in visual thinking. This study aimed to compare and explore the relationships among the format aspect…

Limited studies have considered meshing participatory visual methods, new technologies, and experiential learning to prepare preservice teachers to respond to the needs of adult second language learners with interrupted education. Thus, this small-scale exploratory action research investigates how implementing collaborative digital visual…