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Gordon, Amber M.; Musick, Kurustun S.; King, Alison R.; Wallace, Erin Stehle – Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship, 2022
The purpose of this study is to examine the readability levels of the state departments of education guidance documents regarding COVID-19 protocols for families of students receiving special education services. The authors searched the 50 states and the District of Columbia's departments of education websites for their COVID-19, special…
Descriptors: COVID-19, Pandemics, Readability, Special Education
Chili Li; Xue Wang; Long Qian – SAGE Open, 2025
The effectiveness of English Language Teaching (ELT) materials significantly influences the learning outcomes of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners, positioning these resources as cardinal in the acquisition process. Despite this widely acknowledged significance, there remains a notable gap in research concerning the evaluation of key…
Descriptors: Syntax, Difficulty Level, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
Flint, Kaitlyn; Spaulding, Tammie J. – Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 2021
Purpose: The readability and comprehensibility of Learner's Permit Knowledge Test practice questions and the relationship with test failure rates across states and the District of Columbia were examined. Method: Failure rates were obtained from department representatives. Practice test questions were extracted from drivers' manuals and department…
Descriptors: Correlation, Readability Formulas, Reading Comprehension, Difficulty Level
Taegang Lee; Yoonhyoung Lee; Sungmook Choi – Language Learning & Technology, 2025
Empirical evidence remains sparse about how videos enhanced with first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) subtitles influence cognitive load in L2 learners. To address this point, 25 Korean undergraduate students were exposed to six short videos: baseline, L1-subtitled, and L2-subtitled videos at both high and low difficulty levels (determined…
Descriptors: Captions, Native Language, Second Language Learning, Language Processing
Dahl, Amanda C.; Carlson, Sarah E.; Renken, Maggie; McCarthy, Kathryn S.; Reynolds, Erin – Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 2021
Purpose: Complex features of science texts present idiosyncratic challenges for middle grade readers, especially in a post-Common Core educational world where students' learning is dependent on understanding informational text. The primary aim of this study was to explore how middle school readers process science texts and whether such…
Descriptors: Science Materials, Textbooks, Difficulty Level, Readability