There has been long discussion in educational psychology about the individual factors that promote pupils' sense of school belonging during secondary education. However, the literature on the school factors associated with these outcomes seems to be less informed. By utilising an ecological-systemic approach, the present study aimed to consider…

Using PISA 2012 data, we conducted multilevel modeling analyses to explore how student-teacher relationships (STRs) affected mathematics motivation across EU countries. We compared this relationship across high and low achievers and explored how sex, economic, social, and cultural status (ESCS), ability grouping, class size, and teacher intentions…

By aligning factors that most commonly influence the achievement of Black and Hispanic students with the type of resources inside the black box of schooling, this study differentiated the achievement effect of school resources from what was brought by students to schools. The hierarchical regression results showed that minority students'…

This study examined the relationship between educational resources and student performance in mathematics and science on the Program for International Student Achievement (PISA). Many countries face educational inequality and achievement gaps between high performing and low performing students. The resources invested in education determine--to a…