Indonesia's Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) results from 2000 to 2018 are worrisome because they are at the bottom of the international rankings. This result illustrates the low quality of education in Indonesia, which correlates with the qualifications of teachers. The quality of education will increase proportionally to the…

This article aims to point out how school autonomy helps principals reach higher quality by increasing flexibility in three areas: pedagogy, organization and management. Autonomy leads to an improvement in student performance and, consequently, in educational quality. A theoretical framework based on literature review and PISA results is followed…

The study aimed to identify the different teaching practices of mathematics male and female teachers according to the framework of PISA 2018 and its relation to their beliefs towards their students. The study used the descriptive survey approach. The sample consisted of (421) mathematics male and female teachers in AL-Taif city in the year 2020.…

In this paper we describe content focused, practical procedures to establish benchmarked performance standards for educational and other tests. To implement our procedures, we identify one or more external benchmark (e.g., NAEP or PISA performance levels, college and career readiness benchmarks); link to the external benchmarks to locate those…