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Keiko C. P. Bostwick; Emma C. Burns; Andrew J. Martin; Rebecca J. Collie; Tracy L. Durksen – Journal of Experimental Education, 2025
In the current longitudinal study, we investigated the structure of students' (N = 1,469) specific growth constructs and their broader growth orientation using a bifactor exploratory structural equation model. We also examined the extent to which each of these components was associated with gains in students' academic and nonacademic outcomes…
Descriptors: Student Motivation, Academic Achievement, Achievement Gains, Secondary School Students
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Igor Esnaola; Albert Sesé; Lorea Azpiazu; Yina Wang – British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2024
Background: Modelling academic self-concept through second-order factors or bifactor structures is an important issue with substantive and practical implications; besides, the bifactor model has not been analysed with a Chinese sample and cross-cultural studies in the academic self-concept are scarce. Likewise, latent structure validity evidence…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Self Concept, Psychometrics, Validity