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Laura Schlingloff-Nemecz; Maayan Stavans; Barbu Revencu; Kazuhide Hashiya; Hiromi Kobayashi; Gergely Csibra – Child Development, 2025
A series of experiments conducted in Central Europe (Hungary, Austria) and East Asia (Japan) probed whether 5- to 10-year-old children (n = 436, 213 female) and adults (n = 71, 43 female; all data collected between July 2020 and May 2023) would infer traits and choose partners accordingly, in a novel touchscreen game. The participants observed…
Descriptors: Children, Inferences, Computer Games, Animation
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Miranda N. Long; Darko Odic – Child Development, 2025
Children rely on their Approximate Number System to intuitively perceive number. Such adaptations often exhibit sensitivity to real-world statistics. This study investigates a potential manifestation of the ANS's sensitivity to real-world statistics: a negative power-law distribution of objects in natural scenes should be reflected in children's…
Descriptors: Number Concepts, Numeracy, Intuition, Mathematics Education
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Tillman, Katharine A.; Walker, Caren M. – Child Development, 2022
This study explored children's causal reasoning about the past and future. U.S. adults (n = 60) and 3-to-6-year-olds (n = 228) from an urban, middle-class population (49% female; [approximately] 45% white) participated between 2017 and 2019. Participants were told three-step causal stories and asked about the effects of a change to the second…
Descriptors: Time Perspective, Preschool Children, Thinking Skills, Logical Thinking
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Ju, Narae; Williams, Natalie; Sedivy, Julie; Chambers, Craig G.; Graham, Susan A. – Child Development, 2023
This study examined 4- and 5-year-olds' incremental interpretation of size adjectives, focusing on whether contrastive inferences are modulated by speaker behavior. Children (N = 120, 59 females, mostly White, tested between July, 2018 and August, 2019) encountered either a conventional or unconventional speaker who labeled objects in a…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Inferences, Interpersonal Communication, Behavior
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Goddu, Mariel K.; Sullivan, J. Nicholas; Walker, Caren M. – Child Development, 2021
The ability to consider multiple possibilities forms the basis for a wide variety of human-unique cognitive capacities. When does this skill develop? Previous studies have narrowly focused on children's ability to prepare for incompatible future outcomes. Here, we investigate this capacity in a causal learning context. Adults (N = 109) and 18- to…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Cognitive Processes, Cognitive Development, Causal Models
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Wu, Yang; Gweon, Hyowon – Child Development, 2021
Emotional expressions are abundant in children's lives. What role do they play in children's causal inference and exploration? This study investigates whether preschool-aged children use others' emotional expressions to infer the presence of unknown causal functions and guide their exploration accordingly. Children (age: 3.0-4.9; N = 112, the…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Social Cognition, Emotional Response, Prior Learning
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Ghrear, Siba; Fung, Klint; Haddock, Taeh; Birch, Susan A. J. – Child Development, 2021
The ability to make inferences about what one's peers know is critical for social interaction and communication. Three experiments (n = 309) examined the curse of knowledge, the tendency to be biased by one's knowledge when reasoning about others' knowledge, in children's estimates of their peers' knowledge. Four- to 7-year-olds were taught the…
Descriptors: Prediction, Peer Relationship, Social Cognition, Interpersonal Competence