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Belzak, William C. M. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2023
Test developers and psychometricians have historically examined measurement bias and differential item functioning (DIF) across a single categorical variable (e.g., gender), independently of other variables (e.g., race, age, etc.). This is problematic when more complex forms of measurement bias may adversely affect test responses and, ultimately,…
Descriptors: Test Bias, High Stakes Tests, Artificial Intelligence, Test Items
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Jung Yeon Park; Sean Joo; Zikun Li; Hyejin Yoon – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2025
This study examines potential assessment bias based on students' primary language status in PISA 2018. Specifically, multilingual (MLs) and nonmultilingual (non-MLs) students in the United States are compared with regard to their response time as well as scored responses across three cognitive domains (reading, mathematics, and science).…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Secondary School Students, International Assessment, Test Bias
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Kim, Sooyeon; Walker, Michael E. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2022
Test equating requires collecting data to link the scores from different forms of a test. Problems arise when equating samples are not equivalent and the test forms to be linked share no common items by which to measure or adjust for the group nonequivalence. Using data from five operational test forms, we created five pairs of research forms for…
Descriptors: Ability, Tests, Equated Scores, Testing Problems
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Vo, Thao T.; French, Brian F. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2021
The use and interpretation of educational and psychological test scores are paramount to individual outcomes and opportunities. Methods for detecting differential item functioning (DIF) are imperative for item analysis when developing and revising assessments, particularly as it pertains to fairness across populations, languages, and cultures. We…
Descriptors: Risk Assessment, Needs Assessment, Test Bias, Youth
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Xuelan Qiu; Jimmy de la Torre; You-Gan Wang; Jinran Wu – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2024
Multidimensional forced-choice (MFC) items have been found to be useful to reduce response biases in personality assessments. However, conventional scoring methods for the MFC items result in ipsative data, hindering the wider applications of the MFC format. In the last decade, a number of item response theory (IRT) models have been developed,…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Personality Traits, Personality Measures, Personality Assessment
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Angela Johnson; Elizabeth Barker; Marcos Viveros Cespedes – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2024
Educators and researchers strive to build policies and practices on data and evidence, especially on academic achievement scores. When assessment scores are inaccurate for specific student populations or when scores are inappropriately used, even data-driven decisions will be misinformed. To maximize the impact of the research-practice-policy…
Descriptors: Equal Education, Inclusion, Evaluation Methods, Error of Measurement
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Dee, Thomas S.; Domingue, Benjamin W. – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2021
On the second day of a 2019 high-stakes English Language Arts assessment, Massachusetts 10th graders faced an essay question that was based on a passage from the novel "The Underground Railroad" and publicly characterized as racially insensitive. Though the state excluded the essay responses from student scores, an unresolved public…
Descriptors: High School Students, Grade 10, Language Arts, High Stakes Tests