Researching mindsets has become a topic of considerable interest in language learning. However, the majority of studies tend to focus on learners and their mindsets, with very little research examining the mindsets of teachers, either in-service or pre-service. Yet, teachers' mindset beliefs about their competences as educators are likely to be…

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to get a better understanding of the challenges teachers are confronted with when suddenly moving from face-to-face to online teaching. It also aimed to investigate the change of power dynamics in sudden online learning environments, particularly focussing on the role of foreign language learner autonomy in…