Purpose: The purpose of the present study was twofold. First, we aimed to adapt the English-speaking Anxiety Scale. Second, we intended to investigate the mediating role of English learning motivation and self-confidence on the relationship between English-speaking anxiety and English self-efficacy through a serial mediation analysis.…

The Purpose: Despite a large number of studies in online learning, limited studies have focused on language learners' metacognition, motivation, and self-efficacy beliefs in the online learning setting. This study attempts to fill this gap by evaluating how the three factors impact learners' English learning achievement in online learning…

Over the past decade, the focus of investigation in individual differences (IDs) research has shifted from the utilization of large-scale questionnaire surveys toward the adoption of methodological diversity and development of new approaches to second-language (L2) communication (Dörnyei and Ryan [2015]. "The Psychology of the Language…

Purpose: The study was meant to investigate the motivational set-up among high school students of English. Design and Methodology: The design of the study was quantitative and a Likert scale format questionnaire was used to collect data from 241 high school students of English in Tunisia. The structural equation modeling approach was used to…

Learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is a lengthy, demanding, and challenging process, which requires learners' L2 grit relating to their perseverance of effort and consistency of interest. Motivated by the growing body of research on L2 grit over the past few years, this study examined the role of perceived teacher support and learning…

There remains a dearth of research on the effects of student perception of teacher happiness and the ramifications of those perceptions on student feelings and attitudes. Using an online questionnaire, data were collected from 129 adult students of ESL/EFL across the world who were enrolled in formal English classes of intermediate to advanced…

The present paper aims to explore how a certain class mode emerges in the context of collaborative learning, which affects student motivation and learning. Multiple sources of data were collected from 51 high school students in three different classes (named A, B and C) where the same teacher gave them the same lesson content throughout a full…

The role of individual differences in second language (L2) learning is widely acknowledged; however, how teachers can accommodate individual differences in L2 classrooms receives relatively less attention. Focusing specifically on motivation, this study explores the effectiveness of communicative tasks on Korean L2 speakers' complexity, accuracy,…

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered formal classrooms and traditional learning environments with many educational institutions forced to teach online. Communicative L2 classes are impacted as in-person, face-to-face interactions are key to developing communicative competence. This qualitative research study investigates if L2…

'Grit' has been identified as an important predictor of success in a number of academic and non-academic domains (Duckworth, A. L., C. Peterson, M. D. Matthews, and D. R. Kelly. 2007. "Grit: Perseverance and Passion for Long-Term Goals." "Journal of Personality and Social Psychology" 92: 1087-1101.…

Purpose: This study (1) used a person-centered approach to identify specific subgroups of 1,265 EFL learners who participated in Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) activities, and (2) looked at how different IDLE profiles are related to important affective variables. Design/Methodology: To identify IDLE profiles, we used cluster analysis.…

We argue for a transformation in the current learning and literacy education of marginalized and nondominant groups of English-as-a-Foreign Language (EFL) refugee learners in Lebanon. This paper describes the process of combining Third Space (TS) and Literature Circles (LC) to develop an instructional model of a transformative pedagogy for…