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Yasuhiro Yamamoto; Yasuo Miyazaki – Journal of Experimental Education, 2025
Bayesian methods have been said to solve small sample problems in frequentist methods by reflecting prior knowledge in the prior distribution. However, there are dangers in strongly reflecting prior knowledge or situations where much prior knowledge cannot be used. In order to address the issue, in this article, we considered to apply two Bayesian…
Descriptors: Sample Size, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Bayesian Statistics, Prior Learning
Oliver Lüdtke; Alexander Robitzsch – Journal of Experimental Education, 2025
There is a longstanding debate on whether the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) or the change score approach is more appropriate when analyzing non-experimental longitudinal data. In this article, we use a structural modeling perspective to clarify that the ANCOVA approach is based on the assumption that all relevant covariates are measured (i.e.,…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Longitudinal Studies, Error of Measurement, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Mariola Moeyaert; Panpan Yang; Yukang Xue – Journal of Experimental Education, 2024
We have entered an era in which scientific evidence increasingly informs research practice and policy. As there is an exponential increase in the use of single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) to evaluate intervention effectiveness, there is accumulating evidence available for quantitative synthesis. Consequently, there is a growing interest in…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Research Design, Synthesis, Patients
Finch, W. Holmes – Journal of Experimental Education, 2022
Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is widely used to test the null hypothesis of equal multivariate means across 2 or more groups. MANOVA rests upon an assumption that error terms are independent of one another, which can be violated if individuals are clustered or nested within groups, such as schools. Ignoring such nesting can result in…
Descriptors: Multivariate Analysis, Hypothesis Testing, Structural Equation Models, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Glaman, Ryan; Chen, Qi; Henson, Robin K. – Journal of Experimental Education, 2022
This study compared three approaches for handling a fourth level of nesting when analyzing cluster-randomized trial (CRT) data. Although CRT data analyses may include repeated measures, individual, and cluster levels, there may be an additional fourth level that is typically ignored. This study examined the impact of ignoring this fourth level,…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Data Analysis, Simulation
Kyle Cox; Ben Kelcey; Hannah Luce – Journal of Experimental Education, 2024
Comprehensive evaluation of treatment effects is aided by considerations for moderated effects. In educational research, the combination of natural hierarchical structures and prevalence of group-administered or shared facilitator treatments often produces three-level partially nested data structures. Literature details planning strategies for a…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Monte Carlo Methods, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Educational Research
Aydin, Burak; Algina, James – Journal of Experimental Education, 2022
Decomposing variables into between and within components are often required in multilevel analysis. This method of decomposition should not ignore possible unreliability of an observed group mean (i.e., arithmetic mean) that is due to small cluster sizes and can lead to substantially biased estimates. Adjustment procedures that allow unbiased…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Prediction, Research Methodology, Educational Research
Kara, Yusuf; Kamata, Akihito – Journal of Experimental Education, 2022
Within-cluster variance homogeneity is one of the key assumptions of multilevel models; however, assuming a constant (i.e. equal) within-cluster variance may not be realistic. Moreover, existent within-cluster variance heterogeneity should be regarded as a source of additional information rather than a violation of a model assumption. This study…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Item Response Theory, Multivariate Analysis
Fay, Derek M.; Levy, Roy; Schulte, Ann C. – Journal of Experimental Education, 2022
Longitudinal data structures are frequently encountered in a variety of disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences. Growth curve modeling offers a highly extensible framework that allows for the exploration of rich hypotheses. However, owing to the presence of interrelated sources of potential data-model misfit at multiple levels, the…
Descriptors: Measurement, Models, Bayesian Statistics, Hierarchical Linear Modeling
Bulus, Metin; Dong, Nianbo – Journal of Experimental Education, 2021
Sample size determination in multilevel randomized trials (MRTs) and multilevel regression discontinuity designs (MRDDs) can be complicated due to multilevel structure, monetary restrictions, differing marginal costs per treatment and control units, and range restrictions in sample size at one or more levels. These issues have sparked a set of…
Descriptors: Sampling, Research Methodology, Costs, Research Design
Wang, Yan; Kim, Eunsook; Joo, Seang-Hwane; Chun, Seokjoon; Alamri, Abeer; Lee, Philseok; Stark, Stephen – Journal of Experimental Education, 2022
Multilevel latent class analysis (MLCA) has been increasingly used to investigate unobserved population heterogeneity while taking into account data dependency. Nonparametric MLCA has gained much popularity due to the advantage of classifying both individuals and clusters into latent classes. This study demonstrated the need to relax the…
Descriptors: Nonparametric Statistics, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Monte Carlo Methods, Simulation
Shen, Ting; Konstantopoulos, Spyros – Journal of Experimental Education, 2022
Large-scale education data are collected via complex sampling designs that incorporate clustering and unequal probability of selection. Multilevel models are often utilized to account for clustering effects. The probability weighted approach (PWA) has been frequently used to deal with the unequal probability of selection. In this study, we examine…
Descriptors: Data Collection, Educational Research, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Bayesian Statistics
Baek, Eunkyeng; Luo, Wen; Henri, Maria – Journal of Experimental Education, 2022
It is common to include multiple dependent variables (DVs) in single-case experimental design (SCED) meta-analyses. However, statistical issues associated with multiple DVs in the multilevel modeling approach (i.e., possible dependency of error, heterogeneous treatment effects, and heterogeneous error structures) have not been fully investigated.…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Comparative Analysis, Statistical Inference
Jia, Yuane; Konold, Timothy – Journal of Experimental Education, 2021
Traditional observed variable multilevel models for evaluating indirect effects are limited by their inability to quantify measurement and sampling error. They are further restricted by being unable to fully separate within- and between-level effects without bias. Doubly latent models reduce these biases by decomposing the observed within-level…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Educational Environment, Aggression, Bullying
Sun, Xiaojing; Hendrickx, Marloes M. H. G.; Goetz, Thomas; Wubbels, Theo; Mainhard, Tim – Journal of Experimental Education, 2022
In line with assumptions made by the control-value theory of academic emotions, it was hypothesized that the association between the classroom social environment, in terms of students' perceptions of their teachers' interpersonal behaviour, and students' academic emotions was partially mediated by students' achievement goals. The present study…
Descriptors: Classroom Environment, Psychological Patterns, Academic Achievement, Student Attitudes
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