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Direct linkAryadoust, Vahid; Luo, Lan – Language Testing, 2023
This study reviewed conceptualizations and operationalizations of second language (L2) listening constructs. A total of 157 peer-reviewed papers published in 19 journals in applied linguistics were coded for (1) publication year, author, source title, location, language, and reliability and (2) listening subskills, cognitive processes, attributes,…
Descriptors: Test Format, Listening Comprehension Tests, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Holzknecht, Franz; McCray, Gareth; Eberharter, Kathrin; Kremmel, Benjamin; Zehentner, Matthias; Spiby, Richard; Dunlea, Jamie – Language Testing, 2021
Studies from various disciplines have reported that spatial location of options in relation to processing order impacts the ultimate choice of the option. A large number of studies have found a primacy effect, that is, the tendency to prefer the first option. In this paper we report on evidence that position of the key in four-option…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Test Items, Multiple Choice Tests, Listening Comprehension Tests
Janina Kahn-Horwitz; Zahava Goldstein – Language Testing, 2024
In order to inform English foreign language (EFL) diagnostic assessment of literacy, this study examined the extent to which 175 first-language Hebrew-speaking EFL young learners from fifth to tenth grade exhibited differences in single-letter grapheme recognition, sub-word, and word reading, and rapid automatized naming (RAN) of letters and…
Descriptors: Spelling, Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Monfils, Lora F.; Manna, Venessa F. – Language Testing, 2021
This study used survival analysis to examine the patterns and factors associated with time to achieving designated score criteria on a test of English as a foreign language. This was modeled using an extension of the Cox regression model, with two criterion score levels defined as achieving a TOEFL iBT® total test scale score at or above the…
Descriptors: Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Scores
Yan, Xun; Kim, Ha Ram; Kim, Ji Young – Language Testing, 2021
Speech fluency has been extensively researched as a core construct for second language (L2) speaking assessment. Despite the broad consensus on its multifaceted nature, few researchers have empirically explored the dimensionality of this construct. Operationalizations of fluency vary across research and practice, using both holistic and…
Descriptors: Language Fluency, Language Tests, Accuracy, Speech Communication
Miao, Yongzhi – Language Testing, 2023
Scholars have argued for the inclusion of different spoken varieties of English in high-stakes listening tests to better represent the global use of English. However, doing so may introduce additional construct-irrelevant variance due to accent familiarity and the shared first language (L1) advantage, which could threaten test fairness. However,…
Descriptors: Pronunciation, Metalinguistics, Native Language, Intelligibility
