Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the relationship between student emotions, professors' performance and course ratings and difficulty. Design/methodology/approach: Natural language processing models are used to extract six basic emotions and several categories of professors' harmful performance from nearly one million student reviews…

Noise, although ubiquitous, is seldom considered as a factor that may impede learning. In South Africa, most learners are multilingual and learn in English, which is their second language. Most noise studies have been conducted in the Global North, where the school context differs from the Global South. In this article, using questions selected…