For students exhibiting challenging behaviors that are nondangerous to others and nondisruptive to classroom activities, such as daydreaming and doodling, educators are unlikely to refer these students for more individualized and resource-intensive behavioral support. As a step towards understanding how to address these students' motivational…

Public school teachers are responsible for their students' academic achievement. Their primary role is to deliver academic material in a structured and safe learning environment. One thing that hinders their ability to execute this, however, is having to intervene on behaviors that interfere with optimal learning. These interfering behaviors,…