This essay starts with the classical assertion of Niklas Luhmann that there exist no pedagogic technologies, but takes up parts of his conceptual understanding of technology to describe and understand mass schooling in the nineteenth century. It is argued that using his terminology and focusing on "technologies of schooling" brings into…

Instructional Designers (IDs) are talented assets to higher education institutions (HEIs) that have positioned online course development as part of long-term strategic plans. This study investigated the experiences of IDs involved in online course development while working dyadically with faculty members in U.S. HEIs. The study focused on the…