The aim of this study was to examine prospective science teachers' pedagogical content knowledge in terms of their approach to error. For this purpose, a data collection tool consisting of 5 questions for conceptual understanding of electrical circuits and steps containing correct and incorrect explanations for each question was prepared and…

Online-quizzes are an economic and objective method for formative assessment in universities. However, closed questions have been criticized for promoting shallow learning and resulting often in poor learning outcomes. These disadvantages can be overcome by embedding closed questions in effective instructional designs involving feedback. In the…